The objective of the course is to provide a comprehensive knowledge of the physical and chemical processes governing the volcanic activity. Training on analytical and experimental methods and techniques for the study of magma properties and of eruption dynamics will be given.
Curriculum
teacher profile teaching materials
Chemical and physical properties of magma: density, viscosity, volatile solubility, diffusivity, compressibility and electrical conductivities of magmas. Termodynamic properties of magmas: enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity. Effect of chemical composition, temperature and pressure on the density and viscosity of magmas. The influence of degassing crystallization and deformation regime on the rheological properties of magmas.
Control of the physical and chemical properties on the ascent of magma and on the eruptive style of volcanoes.
Magma ascent: Nucleation and growth of bubbles. Crystallization processes. Fragmentation criteria and magma explosivity. Evolution of physical parameters of magma and flow dynamics during magma ascent
Lava flows: Types of lava flows and rheological control of lava flow geometry. Lava flow motion and effects of ground slope.
Explosive eruptions: Influence of physical parameters on eruptive styles. Steady explosive eruptions: eruption plumes formation. Fallout of clasts from eruption plumes and unstable eruption columns. Formation of piroclastic density currents.
The course will include laboratory activities for the experimental determination of physical-chemical properties of magmas (high temperature experiments and spectroscopic measurements) and numerical exercises aimed at the quantitative determination of the textural parameters of iuvenile products (cristallinity, vesicularity, crystal and bubble size distribution) and at the numerical simulation of the conduit and eruptive dynamics.
Material furnished by the Professor
Programme
Structure of silicate melts. Effect of temperature pressure and composition of the structural configuration of silicate melts. Glass transition temperature and relaxation times.Chemical and physical properties of magma: density, viscosity, volatile solubility, diffusivity, compressibility and electrical conductivities of magmas. Termodynamic properties of magmas: enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity. Effect of chemical composition, temperature and pressure on the density and viscosity of magmas. The influence of degassing crystallization and deformation regime on the rheological properties of magmas.
Control of the physical and chemical properties on the ascent of magma and on the eruptive style of volcanoes.
Magma ascent: Nucleation and growth of bubbles. Crystallization processes. Fragmentation criteria and magma explosivity. Evolution of physical parameters of magma and flow dynamics during magma ascent
Lava flows: Types of lava flows and rheological control of lava flow geometry. Lava flow motion and effects of ground slope.
Explosive eruptions: Influence of physical parameters on eruptive styles. Steady explosive eruptions: eruption plumes formation. Fallout of clasts from eruption plumes and unstable eruption columns. Formation of piroclastic density currents.
The course will include laboratory activities for the experimental determination of physical-chemical properties of magmas (high temperature experiments and spectroscopic measurements) and numerical exercises aimed at the quantitative determination of the textural parameters of iuvenile products (cristallinity, vesicularity, crystal and bubble size distribution) and at the numerical simulation of the conduit and eruptive dynamics.
Core Documentation
FUNDAMENTAL OF PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY. ELISABETH A. PARFITT AND LIONEL WILSON. BLACKWELL PUBLISHINGMaterial furnished by the Professor
Reference Bibliography
FUNDAMENTAL OF PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY. ELISABETH A. PARFITT AND LIONEL WILSON. BLACKWELL PUBLISHING material furnished by the ProfessorType of delivery of the course
The course is organized with theoretical lectures and pratical teaching in the experimental volcanology and petrology lab (EVPlab).Attendance
attendance of theoretical lectures and pratical teaching in the experimental volcanology and petrology lab (EVPlab) is mandatory.Type of evaluation
The exam consists in a oral examination focusing on the entire teaching program. teacher profile teaching materials
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes Haraldur Sigurdsson - Academic Press
Origin and Transport of Magma - Volatiles in Magmas (Paul Wallace and Alfred T. Anderson, Jr.)
Physical Properties of Magmas (Frank J. Spera)
Second part (magma dynamics)
Fundamental of Physical Volcanology Elisabeth A. Parfitt and Lionel Wilson - Blackwell publishing
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes Haraldur Sigurdsson - Academic Press
Explosive Volcanism
Programme
Third part: Practical teaching which will be conducted throughout the entire duration of the course. The practical teaching will include laboratory activities for the experimental determination of physical-chemical properties of magmas (high temperature experiments and spectroscopic measurements) and numerical exercises aimed at the quantitative determination of the textural parameters of juvenile products (crystallinity, vesicularity, crystal and bubble size distribution) and at the numerical simulation of the conduit and eruptive dynamics.Core Documentation
First part (Physical and chemical properties of magma)Encyclopedia of Volcanoes Haraldur Sigurdsson - Academic Press
Origin and Transport of Magma - Volatiles in Magmas (Paul Wallace and Alfred T. Anderson, Jr.)
Physical Properties of Magmas (Frank J. Spera)
Second part (magma dynamics)
Fundamental of Physical Volcanology Elisabeth A. Parfitt and Lionel Wilson - Blackwell publishing
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes Haraldur Sigurdsson - Academic Press
Explosive Volcanism
Reference Bibliography
Annual review of fluid mechanics “The Fluid Mechanics Inside a Volcano” (Helge M. Gonnermann and Michael Manga) Modeling volcanic processes “The Physics and Mathematics of Volcanism” edited by Sarah Fagents Tracy GreggRosaly Lopes - Cambridge publishing Chapter 4 Dynamics of magma ascent in the volcanic conduit (Helge M. Gonnermann and Michael Manga) Chapter 6 Unsteady explosive activity: strombolian eruptions (Mike R. James, Steve J. Lane, and Bruce F. Houghton) Chapter 7 Unsteady explosive activity: vulcanian eruptions (Amanda B. Clarke) Chapter 8 Sustained explosive activity: volcanic eruption columns and hawaiian fountains (Andrew W. Woods) Scientific papers Water speciation in magmas Sowerby and Keppler, 1999 Structural role of water in magmas through spectrscopic studies Xue and Kanzaki, 2008 Anhydrous and hydrous magma viscosity Giordano et al., 2009 Effect of crystals and bubbles on magma viscosity Mader et al., 2013 Pyroclast textures Shea et al., 2010Type of delivery of the course
In order to acquire the projected skills, the course is organized with theoretical lectures and practical teaching which will be held in the experimental volcanology and petrology lab (EVPlab).Attendance
Attendance of theoretical lectures and practical teaching in the experimental volcanology and petrology lab (EVPlab) is mandatory.Type of evaluation
The exam consists in a oral examination focusing on the entire teaching program.The examination is oriented to verify the overall comprehension of the concepts of the experimental volcanology and the students capability to apply this knowledge to natural cases. teacher profile teaching materials
Chemical and physical properties of magma: density, viscosity, volatile solubility, diffusivity, compressibility and electrical conductivities of magmas. Termodynamic properties of magmas: enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity. Effect of chemical composition, temperature and pressure on the density and viscosity of magmas. The influence of degassing crystallization and deformation regime on the rheological properties of magmas.
Control of the physical and chemical properties on the ascent of magma and on the eruptive style of volcanoes.
Magma ascent: Nucleation and growth of bubbles. Crystallization processes. Fragmentation criteria and magma explosivity. Evolution of physical parameters of magma and flow dynamics during magma ascent
Lava flows: Types of lava flows and rheological control of lava flow geometry. Lava flow motion and effects of ground slope.
Explosive eruptions: Influence of physical parameters on eruptive styles. Steady explosive eruptions: eruption plumes formation. Fallout of clasts from eruption plumes and unstable eruption columns. Formation of piroclastic density currents.
The course will include laboratory activities for the experimental determination of physical-chemical properties of magmas (high temperature experiments and spectroscopic measurements) and numerical exercises aimed at the quantitative determination of the textural parameters of iuvenile products (cristallinity, vesicularity, crystal and bubble size distribution) and at the numerical simulation of the conduit and eruptive dynamics.
Material furnished by the Professor
Programme
Structure of silicate melts. Effect of temperature pressure and composition of the structural configuration of silicate melts. Glass transition temperature and relaxation times.Chemical and physical properties of magma: density, viscosity, volatile solubility, diffusivity, compressibility and electrical conductivities of magmas. Termodynamic properties of magmas: enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity. Effect of chemical composition, temperature and pressure on the density and viscosity of magmas. The influence of degassing crystallization and deformation regime on the rheological properties of magmas.
Control of the physical and chemical properties on the ascent of magma and on the eruptive style of volcanoes.
Magma ascent: Nucleation and growth of bubbles. Crystallization processes. Fragmentation criteria and magma explosivity. Evolution of physical parameters of magma and flow dynamics during magma ascent
Lava flows: Types of lava flows and rheological control of lava flow geometry. Lava flow motion and effects of ground slope.
Explosive eruptions: Influence of physical parameters on eruptive styles. Steady explosive eruptions: eruption plumes formation. Fallout of clasts from eruption plumes and unstable eruption columns. Formation of piroclastic density currents.
The course will include laboratory activities for the experimental determination of physical-chemical properties of magmas (high temperature experiments and spectroscopic measurements) and numerical exercises aimed at the quantitative determination of the textural parameters of iuvenile products (cristallinity, vesicularity, crystal and bubble size distribution) and at the numerical simulation of the conduit and eruptive dynamics.
Core Documentation
FUNDAMENTAL OF PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY. ELISABETH A. PARFITT AND LIONEL WILSON. BLACKWELL PUBLISHINGMaterial furnished by the Professor
Reference Bibliography
FUNDAMENTAL OF PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY. ELISABETH A. PARFITT AND LIONEL WILSON. BLACKWELL PUBLISHING material furnished by the ProfessorType of delivery of the course
The course is organized with theoretical lectures and pratical teaching in the experimental volcanology and petrology lab (EVPlab).Attendance
attendance of theoretical lectures and pratical teaching in the experimental volcanology and petrology lab (EVPlab) is mandatory.Type of evaluation
The exam consists in a oral examination focusing on the entire teaching program. teacher profile teaching materials
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes Haraldur Sigurdsson - Academic Press
Origin and Transport of Magma - Volatiles in Magmas (Paul Wallace and Alfred T. Anderson, Jr.)
Physical Properties of Magmas (Frank J. Spera)
Second part (magma dynamics)
Fundamental of Physical Volcanology Elisabeth A. Parfitt and Lionel Wilson - Blackwell publishing
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes Haraldur Sigurdsson - Academic Press
Explosive Volcanism
Programme
Third part: Practical teaching which will be conducted throughout the entire duration of the course. The practical teaching will include laboratory activities for the experimental determination of physical-chemical properties of magmas (high temperature experiments and spectroscopic measurements) and numerical exercises aimed at the quantitative determination of the textural parameters of juvenile products (crystallinity, vesicularity, crystal and bubble size distribution) and at the numerical simulation of the conduit and eruptive dynamics.Core Documentation
First part (Physical and chemical properties of magma)Encyclopedia of Volcanoes Haraldur Sigurdsson - Academic Press
Origin and Transport of Magma - Volatiles in Magmas (Paul Wallace and Alfred T. Anderson, Jr.)
Physical Properties of Magmas (Frank J. Spera)
Second part (magma dynamics)
Fundamental of Physical Volcanology Elisabeth A. Parfitt and Lionel Wilson - Blackwell publishing
Encyclopedia of Volcanoes Haraldur Sigurdsson - Academic Press
Explosive Volcanism
Reference Bibliography
Annual review of fluid mechanics “The Fluid Mechanics Inside a Volcano” (Helge M. Gonnermann and Michael Manga) Modeling volcanic processes “The Physics and Mathematics of Volcanism” edited by Sarah Fagents Tracy GreggRosaly Lopes - Cambridge publishing Chapter 4 Dynamics of magma ascent in the volcanic conduit (Helge M. Gonnermann and Michael Manga) Chapter 6 Unsteady explosive activity: strombolian eruptions (Mike R. James, Steve J. Lane, and Bruce F. Houghton) Chapter 7 Unsteady explosive activity: vulcanian eruptions (Amanda B. Clarke) Chapter 8 Sustained explosive activity: volcanic eruption columns and hawaiian fountains (Andrew W. Woods) Scientific papers Water speciation in magmas Sowerby and Keppler, 1999 Structural role of water in magmas through spectrscopic studies Xue and Kanzaki, 2008 Anhydrous and hydrous magma viscosity Giordano et al., 2009 Effect of crystals and bubbles on magma viscosity Mader et al., 2013 Pyroclast textures Shea et al., 2010Type of delivery of the course
In order to acquire the projected skills, the course is organized with theoretical lectures and practical teaching which will be held in the experimental volcanology and petrology lab (EVPlab).Attendance
Attendance of theoretical lectures and practical teaching in the experimental volcanology and petrology lab (EVPlab) is mandatory.Type of evaluation
The exam consists in a oral examination focusing on the entire teaching program.The examination is oriented to verify the overall comprehension of the concepts of the experimental volcanology and the students capability to apply this knowledge to natural cases.