Programme

Classroom lectures
The scientific method: comparison between theory and experiment. Physical quantities and their measurement. The uncertainties in the measurements of physical quantities. Type A and Type B uncertainties. Measurement tools and their properties. Better estimate of the measure. Estimation of uncertainties.
Measurements, uncertainties and significant figures. Comparison between measure and expected value . Organization and presentation of data. Main properties of probability. Random events, random variables. Definition of probability: classical, frequentist, axiomatic. Total probability, conditional probability, compound probability. Bayes theorem. Statistical population. Sampling. Law of large numbers. Discrete and continuous random variables. Probability distributions. Expected value and variance. Bernoulli distribution. Poisson distribution. Gauss distribution. Probabilistic meaning of the standard deviation. Probability of obtaining a result in a measurement operation. The central limit theorem. Presentation of the result of a measure and confidence intervals. Hypothesis verification. Weighted average. Correlation between physical quantities and verification of the existence of a functional dependence: least squares method. Hypothesis test: Z test, T-Student test, Fisher test, Chi-square test.

Experiments:
Measurements of Lengths. Verification of Boyle-Mariotte law. Experiment for the determination of the spring constant. The pendulum. Measurement of gravitational acceleration with a reversible pendulum. Inclined plane. Verification of the central limit theorem (dice roll - repeated measurements). Verification of the law of radioactive decay (by means of simulation with dice). Verification of the probability distribution of Poisson (by means of Geiger).
.

Core Documentation

For exam preparation, students,
in addition to consulting the teaching material made available to students on the teacher's website (http://host.uniroma3.it/laboratori/escher/ESP_I.html)
they can consult the following texts:

(a) Gaetano Cannelli, Metodologie sperimentali in Fisica - Introduzione al metodo scientifico, Terza Edizione 2018, EdiSES, Napoli (ISBN 978 88 7959 679 4)
(c) Diego Giuliani, Maria Michela Dickson, Analisi statistica con Excel, Maggioli Editore (ISBN: 978 88 3878 990 8)

Reference Bibliography

Further useful texts to investigate particular aspects of the program are: (a) Giovanni Filatrella - Paola Romano, Elaborazione statistica dei dati sperimentali con elementi di laboratorio, 2009, EdiSES, Napoli (ISBN 978 88 7959 513 1) (b) Norma - UNI CEI 70098-3:2016 - Incertezza di misura - Parte 3: Guida all'espressione dell'incertezza di misura (d) John Taylor, Introduzione allʼanalisi degli errori, (ed. Zanichelli) ISBN 978 88 081 7656 1 (e) Paolo Fornasini, The Uncertainty in Physical Measurements (ed. Springer) ISBN 978 03 877 8649 0 (f) Dapor-Ropele, Elaborazione dei dati sperimentali (ed. Springer) ISBN 978 88 470 0362 0.

Type of delivery of the course

Presence lessons performed with the aid of projection of images and audiovisual materials. The course includes compulsory participation in eight laboratory tests on basic physics experiments. Each laboratory experience is completed by a written report (evaluated). For these experience the students will be divided into groups of 2 students each. In addition, the course includes numerical exercises with the use of the calculator. This activity is oriented to apply the statistical techniques explained in classroom.

Attendance

Students must perform at least 80% of the laboratory exercises (at least 6 out of eight experiences). During the examination, they are exempt from the practical test if they have participated in a profitable way in all the laboratory tests (no absence).

Type of evaluation

Learning is progressively verified during the course through reports of laboratory experiences. Each student processes 8 reports that are gradually corrected and returned. The evaluation of these reports contributes to the general evaluation. Finally, learning is verified through a further laboratory test (reserved only for students who have had insufficient assessments of the reports carried out during the course) and an oral discussion of the written reports during the course. The oral exam aims to ascertain: > knowledge of the physics of the experiences carried out; > mastery of scientific language > the theoretical contents of data analysis methods; > critical and conscious use of the instruments used in the laboratory.

Programme

Classroom lectures
The scientific method: comparison between theory and experiment. Physical quantities and their measurement. The uncertainties in the measurements of physical quantities. Type A and Type B uncertainties. Measurement tools and their properties. Better estimate of the measure. Estimation of uncertainties.
Measurements, uncertainties and significant figures. Comparison between measure and expected value . Organization and presentation of data. Main properties of probability. Random events, random variables. Definition of probability: classical, frequentist, axiomatic. Total probability, conditional probability, compound probability. Bayes theorem. Statistical population. Sampling. Law of large numbers. Discrete and continuous random variables. Probability distributions. Expected value and variance. Bernoulli distribution. Poisson distribution. Gauss distribution. Probabilistic meaning of the standard deviation. Probability of obtaining a result in a measurement operation. The central limit theorem. Presentation of the result of a measure and confidence intervals. Hypothesis verification. Weighted average. Correlation between physical quantities and verification of the existence of a functional dependence: least squares method. Hypothesis test: Z test, T-Student test, Fisher test, Chi-square test.

Experiments:
Measurements of Lengths. Verification of Boyle-Mariotte law. Experiment for the determination of the spring constant. The pendulum. Measurement of gravitational acceleration with a reversible pendulum. Inclined plane. Verification of the central limit theorem (dice roll - repeated measurements). Verification of the law of radioactive decay (by means of simulation with dice). Verification of the probability distribution of Poisson (by means of Geiger).
.

Core Documentation

For exam preparation, students,
in addition to consulting the teaching material made available to students on the teacher's website (http://host.uniroma3.it/laboratori/escher/ESP_I.html)
they can consult the following texts:

(a) Gaetano Cannelli, Metodologie sperimentali in Fisica - Introduzione al metodo scientifico, Terza Edizione 2018, EdiSES, Napoli (ISBN 978 88 7959 679 4)
(c) Diego Giuliani, Maria Michela Dickson, Analisi statistica con Excel, Maggioli Editore (ISBN: 978 88 3878 990 8)

Type of delivery of the course

Presence lessons performed with the aid of projection of images and audiovisual materials. The course includes compulsory participation in eight laboratory tests on basic physics experiments. Each laboratory experience is completed by a written report (evaluated). For these experience the students will be divided into groups of 2 students each. In addition, the course includes numerical exercises with the use of the calculator. This activity is oriented to apply the statistical techniques explained in classroom.

Attendance

Students must perform at least 80% of the laboratory exercises (at least 6 out of eight experiences). During the examination, they are exempt from the practical test if they have participated in a profitable way in all the laboratory tests (no absence).

Type of evaluation

Learning is progressively verified during the course through reports of laboratory experiences. Each student processes 8 reports that are gradually corrected and returned. The evaluation of these reports contributes to the general evaluation. Finally, learning is verified through a further laboratory test (reserved only for students who have had insufficient assessments of the reports carried out during the course) and an oral discussion of the written reports during the course. The oral exam aims to ascertain: > knowledge of the physics of the experiences carried out; > mastery of scientific language > the theoretical contents of data analysis methods; > critical and conscious use of the instruments used in the laboratory.

Programme

lassroom lectures
The scientific method: comparison between theory and experiment. Physical quantities and their measurement. The uncertainties in the measurements of physical quantities. Type A and Type B uncertainties. Measurement tools and their properties. Better estimate of the measure. Estimation of uncertainties.
Measurements, uncertainties and significant figures. Comparison between measure and expected value . Organization and presentation of data. Main properties of probability. Random events, random variables. Definition of probability: classical, frequentist, axiomatic. Total probability, conditional probability, compound probability. Bayes theorem. Statistical population. Sampling. Law of large numbers. Discrete and continuous random variables. Probability distributions. Expected value and variance. Bernoulli distribution. Poisson distribution. Gauss distribution. Probabilistic meaning of the standard deviation. Probability of obtaining a result in a measurement operation. The central limit theorem. Presentation of the result of a measure and confidence intervals. Hypothesis verification. Weighted average. Correlation between physical quantities and verification of the existence of a functional dependence: least squares method. Hypothesis test: Z test, T-Student test, Fisher test, Chi-square test.

Experiments:
Measurements of Lengths. Verification of Boyle-Mariotte law. Experiment for the determination of the spring constant. The pendulum. Measurement of gravitational acceleration with a reversible pendulum. Inclined plane. Verification of the central limit theorem (dice roll - repeated measurements). Verification of the law of radioactive decay (by means of simulation with dice). Verification of the probability distribution of Poisson (by means of Geiger).

Core Documentation

For exam preparation, students,
in addition to consulting the teaching material made available to students on the teacher's website (http://host.uniroma3.it/laboratori/escher/ESP_I.html)
they can consult the following texts:

(a) Gaetano Cannelli, Metodologie sperimentali in Fisica - Introduzione al metodo scientifico, Terza Edizione 2018, EdiSES, Napoli (ISBN 978 88 7959 679 4)
(c) Diego Giuliani, Maria Michela Dickson, Analisi statistica con Excel, Maggioli Editore (ISBN: 978 88 3878 990 8)

Type of delivery of the course

Presence lessons performed with the aid of projection of images and audiovisual materials. The course includes compulsory participation in eight laboratory tests on basic physics experiments. Each laboratory experience is completed by a written report (evaluated). For these experience the students will be divided into groups of 2 students each. In addition, the course includes numerical exercises with the use of the calculator. This activity is oriented to apply the statistical techniques explained in classroom.

Attendance

Students must perform at least 80% of the laboratory exercises (at least 6 out of eight experiences). During the examination, they are exempt from the practical test if they have participated in a profitable way in all the laboratory tests (no absence).

Type of evaluation

Learning is progressively verified during the course through reports of laboratory experiences. Each student processes 8 reports that are gradually corrected and returned. The evaluation of these reports contributes to the general evaluation. Finally, learning is verified through a further laboratory test (reserved only for students who have had insufficient assessments of the reports carried out during the course) and an oral discussion of the written reports during the course. The oral exam aims to ascertain: > knowledge of the physics of the experiences carried out; > mastery of scientific language > the theoretical contents of data analysis methods; > critical and conscious use of the instruments used in the laboratory.