Programme

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE.
In collaboration with the training activities of the urbanism, history and cartography components of TAP, "Landscape" component introduces students to the meaning of the landscape, making explicit its constituent aspects. It provides a framework of instrumental knowledge for open spaces design, including historical, design, visual and environmental disciplines, in close relationship with the architectural design and urban design. The main goal is to transmit the ability to understand and appreciate the complexity of landscape architecture, in the cultural, ethical, aesthetic and ecological terms, through the formation of a receptive and attentive sensitivity to the various habitat components (how to observe and understand) and several project topics (how to intervene and transform).

The teaching takes place through design lessons, making students understand the need for mutual link between architectural design and landscape architecture, which should always converge in a truly integrated project, and how open spaces play as the essential matrix of any urban project.

The first part deals with the syntax of the project, and what are its main compositional rules that, over time, have adjusted and now govern the construction of landscape architecture, with reference to:
- The garden, in the two strands of the "perspective space" and "fragmented space";
- The agricultural landscape, with its main defined horizontal and vertical structures;
- The city, and the structural role that open spaces play from the 16th century European urban revolution.

The second part is devoted to the understanding of the main elements of landscape architecture: the design and construction of the limit; modeling and writing of the soil; the architecture of the vegetation; water as architecture and as a measure of time.

Core Documentation

-Alvarez, D., El jardin de la arquitectura del siglo XX, Editorial Reverte, Barcelona (2008).
-Belfiore, E., Il verde e la città. Idee e progetti dal Settecento ad oggi, Gangemi Editore, Roma (2005).
-Colafranceschi, D., Landscape+100 words to inhabit it. Editorial Gustavo Gili, S.A., Barcellona (2007).
-Corrado, M. e Lambertini, A., Atlante delle nature urbane. Centouno voci per i paesaggi quotidiani, Editrice Compositori, Bologna (2011).
-FAP, a cura, Vocabolazionario. 50 voci verbali per il progetto dello spazio pubblico, n.e. 2013.
-Moore, C. W., Mitchel, W. J., Turnbull, W., The poetics of gardens, MIT Press, Cambridge-London (1988), trad. it. La poetica dei giardini, Muzzio Editore, Padova (1991).
-Pandakovic, D., Dal Sasso, A., Saper vedere il paesaggio, Ed. CittàStudi, Novara (2009).
-Panzini, F., Progettare la natura – Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all’epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli, Bologna (2005).
-Sereni, E., Storia del paesaggio agrario italiano, Laterza, Roma-Bari (2014, 18° edizione).
-Zagari, F., Questo è paesaggio – 48 definizioni, Gruppo Mancosu editore, Roma (2006).
-Zagari, F., Sul paesaggio. Lettera aperta, Libria, Melfi (2013).

Reference Bibliography

ABOUT LANDSCAPE - L. Benevolo, I confini del paesaggio umano, Laterza, Bari, 1994. - I. Calvino, Palomar, Mondadori, Milano, 1994 - E. Galeano, Il libro degli abbracci, Bompiani, Milano, 2000. - P. Laureano, Atlante d'acqua. Conoscenze tradizionali per la lotta alla desertificazione, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino, 2001. - R. Priore, Convenzione Europea del Paesaggio. Il testo tradotto e commentato, Centro Stampa d’Ateneo, Reggio Calabria, 2006. - A. Roger, Breve trattato sul paesaggio, Sellerio Editore, Palermo, 2009. - M. Terzaghi, Ufficio proiezioni luminose, Quodlibet, Macerata, 2013. ABOUT ROME - L. Benevolo, Roma dal 1870 al 1990, Edizioni Laterza, 1992. - V. Calzolari, Storia e natura come sistema. Un progetto per il territorio libero dell'area romana, Argos, 1999. - G. Caniggia, G. L. Maffei, Lettura dell’edilizia di base, Marsilio, 1979 - A. M. Damigella e N. Cardano, La campagna romana de «I XXV», De Luca Editori, 2005. - F. Farinelli, I segni del mondo, Firenze 1992. - R. Funiciello,‎ G. Giordano e A. Praturlon,‎ La geologia di Roma dal centro storico alla periferia, Ist. Poligrafico dello Stato, 2008. - G. Longobardi, G. Piccinato, V. Quilici, Campagne romane, Alinea, 2009. - D. Pasquinelli D'Allegra, La forma di Roma. Un paesaggio urbano tra storia, immagini e letteratura, Carocci, 2006. - D. Pasquinelli D'Allegra, Roma. Il senso del luogo, Carocci, 2015. - L. Quaroni, Immagine di Roma, Laterza, 1969. - G. Strappa, Studi sulla periferia est di Roma, Franco Angeli, 2012. ABOUT GARDEN HISTORY - M. Aprile, Dal giardino al paesaggio, Flaccovio Editore, Palermo, 1998 - F. Cellini e V. Sabella, Sull'arte dei Giardini, Flaccovio Editore, Palermo, 1998 - P. Grimal, L'Art des jardins, PUF Que sais-je ?, Parigi 1974. Trad. it. M. Magi (a cura), L'arte dei giardini. Una breve storia, Donzelli, 2000 - M. Mosser e G.Teyssot (a cura) L'architettura dei giardini d'Occidente. Dal Rinascimento al Novecento, Electa, Milano, 1990 - F. Panzini, Progettare la natura. Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all'epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2005 - V. Vercelloni, Atlante storico dell'Idea del Giardino Europeo, Jaka Book, Milano, 1990 ABOUT LANDSCAPE AND GARDEN FOR THE CITY - M. Aprile, Dal giardino al paesaggio, Flaccovio Editore, Palermo, 1998 - E. Belfiore, Il verde e la città. Idee e progetti dal Settecento ad oggi, Gangemi, Roma, 2005 - G.Cerami, Il giardino e la città. Il progetto del parco urbano in Europa, Laterza, Bari, 1996 - F. Panzini, Per i piaceri del popolo. L'evoluzione del giardino pubblico in Europa dalle origini al XX secolo, Zanichelli, Bologna, 1993 ABOUT FARMING LANDSCAPE - L. Benevolo, I confini del paesaggio umano, Laterza, Bari, 1994 - D. Pandakovic, Angelo Dal Sasso, Saper vedere il paesaggio, Città Studi, Milano 2009 - A. Saltini e M. Sframeli L'agricoltura e il paesaggio italiano nella pittura dal Trecento all'Ottocento, Octavo, Firenze 1995 - E. Sereni, Storia del paesaggio agrario italiano, Laterza, Bari 1961 ABOUT BOUNDARIES - L. Benevolo, I confini del paesaggio umano, Laterza, Bari, 1994. - M. Corajoud, Esplorare i limiti, oltrepassarli, in Franco Zagari, Questo è paesaggio. 48 definizioni, Mancosu Editore, Roma, 2006. - S. Crotti, Figure architettoniche: soglia, Unicoepli, 2008. - G. Perec, Specie di spazi, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino, 2008. - A. Valentini, Progettare paesaggi di limiti, Firenze University Press, 2005. - P. Zanini, Significati del confine, Bruno Mondadori, Milano, 2000. ABOUT GROUND - L. Coccia, L’architettura del suolo, Alinea, Firenze, 2006 - R. Krauss, “Sculpture in the expanded field”, October n 8, Cambridge, Spring, 1979, pg. 38-41 - P. Petschek, Grading for Landscape Architects and Architects, Birkhauser, Basilea, 2008 - I. Ruby, A.Ruby, Groundscapes. The rediscovery of the ground in contemporary architecture, Gustavo Gili, Barcellona, 2007 - F. Zanni, Abitare la piega. Piegare incidere stratificare, Maggioli Editore, 2010 ABOUT WATER - A. Bahamon, Landscape Architecture: Water Features, Loft Publication, Barcelona, 2006. - F. Di Carlo, «L’acqua e il giardino», in Manuale di progettazione. Giardini, Mancosu, Roma, 2009. - P. Laureano, Atlante d’acqua, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino, 2001. - P. Maresca, a cura di, Il giardino e l’acqua, Angelo Pontecorboli Editore, Firenze, 2006. - M. Symmes (a cura di), Fontane. Giochi d’acqua e spettacolo. Acqua e progetto dal Rinascimento ad oggi, Edizioni Dedalo, Roma, 1998. ABOUT PLANTS - G. Eckbo, Landscape for living, Architectural Records, 1950 (2009) - O. Filippi, Alternatives au gazon, Actes Sud, Parigi, 2011 - C. Leonardi e F. Stagi, Architettura degli alberi, Edizioni Mazzotta, Milano, 1998 - B Munari, Disegnare un albero, Corraini, Mantova, 2005 (prima edizione 1978) - D. Pandakovic, Architettura del paesaggio vegetale, Unicopli, Milano, 2000 - F. Panzini, Prati urbani. I prati collettivi nel paesaggio della città, Antiga Edizioni, Treviso, 2018 - M. Sgandurra, “Principi di planting”, in F. Zagari, Manuale di progettazione. Giardini, Mancosu, Roma, 2009 - J. Simon, L’arte di conoscere gli alberi, Edizioni Mursia, Milano, 1966

Type of delivery of the course

The course has a mainly theoretical character, every week monographic lessons are given according to the teaching programme. The lessons are accompanied by exercises, reading, interpretation and landscape design, in close relation to the topics of the lessons. These are quick and simple exercises, each of which lasts about three weeks, starting from the start and ending with the delivery. The exercises are conducted in groups and end with presentations open to the public. In the case of an extension of the health emergency by COVID-19 all the provisions that regulate the way in which teaching activities and student evaluation are carried out will be implemented. In particular, the following procedures will be applied: the lessons will be held at a distance on a special online platform (MSTeams), as will the reviews of the intermediate exercises.

Attendance

The course attendance is mandatory and student will need to have attended at least 75% of the activities in the classroom in order to be admitted to the exam.

Type of evaluation

The object of the overall final evaluation is the acquisition of the cultural, theoretical and methodological references specific to the discipline that emerged from the final interview, based on the ability to critically re-elaborate the contents of the lessons and the texts indicated during the course. The results achieved in the exercises and the active participation in the didactic activities, including the participation in debates and comparisons in the classroom during the lessons and conferences, also contribute to the final evaluation, with equal importance. The examination consists of a dialogue on the topics of the course, through the instrument of the "Domino del Paesaggio", aimed at verifying not only the acquisition of the transmitted notions, but also the acquired critical maturity in building meaningful relationships between authors, places and projects. The examination consists of an interview on the topics dealt with in the lessons and conferences. The interview, while being the individual test and assessment for each student, will take the form of a collective game of dominoes, with playing cards prepared and provided by the teachers, which take up the topics covered in the course. After each lesson, the teachers will provide a number of cards related to the topics dealt with: at the end of the course, students will have received about 100 cards. If in the traditional domino the cards are numbered from 0 to 6, in the landscape domino the cards have words or images that can be traced back to five categories: 1. Works and projects (O); 2. Books (L); 3. Verbal entries (V); 4. Authors (A); 5. Spaces (S). On the day of the exam, each student must print and bring with them 4 cards that he or she will have chosen from all those provided during the course, one of which must necessarily refer to the topics of the conferences. To these, 1 card will be added from the bunch of all the cards. Each student will then have 5 cards available. The first player is the teacher and starts placing the first card, then the turn passes to the other players. Each student will be able to place one of his or her cards next to one of the two cutlery just before his or her turn by the other players, on the basis of affinity or difference between the themes involved, explaining his or her play competently and in a detailed manner. The game / interview has a dual purpose: to verify the knowledge and mastery of the topics addressed during the theoretical lessons; to stimulate a relational and shared reasoning on the topics of the course. TIn the case of an extension of the health emergency by COVID-19 all the provisions that regulate the way in which teaching activities and student evaluation are carried out will be implemented. In particular, the exam will be an on line interview, on an institutional telematic platform (MSTeams). The colloquium will be joint for all the integrated course and for the course of Urbanism it will also include the discussion of the works made in the first semester. Students who were exempted from Urbanismin February are only required to take the interview for the topics of the Landscape Architecture.

Programme

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
In the second semester, the Landscape course, in synergy with the other two modules, Territory and Environment, which make up the TAP course, deals with the issues related to the understanding of the meaning of the concept of "landscape", investigating its complexity about the design of open spaces.

In the first part, the lessons will focus on the narration and understanding of some fundamental passages of the history of the architecture of the garden and of the urban park that will allow knowing languages, paradigms and theories of the project. The discourse on the landscape project will be addressed by underlining the close relationship it establishes with the project of architecture and urban space.

The second part is dedicated to the understanding of the main elements of landscape design: soil and the construction of new topographies; vegetation and its role in the construction of urban space; water as a resource and a danger. Through the reading of some case studies, chosen transversally in different geographical and temporal contexts, favouring the contemporary period, we will analyse soil, vegetation and water as elements that inform the space and the strategies that underlie their use and their interrelationships.

Core Documentation

M. Corrado, A. Lambertini, Atlante delle nature urbane. Centouno voci per i paesaggi quotidiani, Editrice Compositori, Bologna, 2011
A. Lambertini, Fare parchi urbani. Etiche ed estetiche del progetto contemporaneo in Europa, Firenze University Press, 2006;
F. Panzini, Progettare la natura. Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all'epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2005;
A. Roger, Breve trattato sul paesaggio, Sellerio Editore, Palermo, 2009;
F. Zagari, Questo è paesaggio. 48 definizioni, Gruppo Mancosu editore, Roma, 2006.

Reference Bibliography

SUL PAESAGGIO -AA.VV, Cinq Proposition du paysage pur une théorie du paysage, Champ Vallon, 1994; -R. Priore, No people, no landscape. La Convenzione europea del paesaggio: luci e ombre nel processo di attuazione in Italia, Franco Angeli Editore, Milano, 2009; -A. Roger, Breve trattato sul paesaggio, Sellerio Editore, Palermo, 2009. SULLA STORIA DEL GIARDINO E DEL PARCO URBANO -M. Mosser e G.Teyssot (a cura) L'architettura dei giardini d'Occidente. Dal Rinascimento al Novecento, Electa, Milano, 1990; -F. Panzini, Progettare la natura. Architettura del paesaggio e dei giardini dalle origini all'epoca contemporanea, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2005; -I. Cortesi, Il parco pubblico. Paesaggi 1985-2000, Federico Motta Editore, Milano, 2000. SU PAESAGGIO E CITTA’ M. Aprile, Dal giardino al paesaggio, Flaccovio Editore, Palermo, 1998 - E. Belfiore, Il verde e la città. Idee e progetti dal Settecento ad oggi, Gangemi, Roma, 2005 - G.Cerami, Il giardino e la città. Il progetto del parco urbano in Europa, Laterza, Bari, 1996 - F. Panzini, Per i piaceri del popolo. L'evoluzione del giardino pubblico in Europa dalle origini al XX secolo, Zanichelli, Bologna, 1993 SUL SUOLO -L. Coccia, L’architettura del suolo, Alinea, Firenze, 2006; -P. Reed, Groundswell. Constructing the contemporary landscape, Thames & Hudson, London, 2005, p. 15; catalogo della mostra omonima presso il Museum of Modern Art di New York, 2005 -I. Ruby, A.Ruby, Groundscapes. The rediscovery of the ground in contemporary architecture, Gustavo Gili, Barcellona, 2007. SULLA VEGETAZIONE -G. Eckbo, Landscape for living, Architectural Records, 1950 (2009); -C. Leonardi e F. Stagi, Architettura degli alberi, Edizioni Mazzotta, Milano, 1998; -B. Munari, Disegnare un albero, Corraini, Mantova, 2005 (prima edizione 1978); -D. Pandakovic, Architettura del paesaggio vegetale, Unicopli, Milano, 2000; -J. Simon, L’arte di conoscere gli alberi, Edizioni Mursia, Milano, 1966. SULL'ACQUA -A. Bahamon, Landscape Architecture: Water Features, Loft Publication, Barcelona, 2006 -F. Di Carlo, «L’acqua e il giardino», in Manuale di progettazione. Giardini, Mancosu, Roma, 2009; -P. Laureano, Atlante d’acqua, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino, 2001; -P. Maresca, a cura di, Il giardino e l’acqua, Angelo Pontecorboli Editore, Firenze, 2006

Type of delivery of the course

The course is predominantly theoretical, with monographic lectures being given each week according to the teaching programme. The lectures are accompanied by exercises in landscape reading, interpretation and design, closely related to the topics of the lectures. The exercises are quick and easy to carry out and each last for approximately three weeks, from the start to the completion. The exercises are carried out in groups and conclude with presentations open to the public. The course takes place in the classroom. Should the pandemic situation worsen, the course will be conducted remotely following the University and the Department of Architecture's instructions.

Attendance

The course is obligatory and it will be necessary to have attended at least 75% of the classroom activities to be eligible for the examination.

Type of evaluation

The final overall assessment is based on the acquisition of cultural, theoretical and methodological references specific to the discipline, as emerged from the final interview, based on the ability to critically re-elaborate the contents of the lectures and the texts indicated during the course. The results achieved in the exercises and the active attendance of the teaching activities, including participation in the debates and discussions in the classroom during the lectures and conferences, also contribute to the final assessment. The exam consists of a dialogue on the course topics, using the "Landscape Domino" tool, aimed at verifying not only the acquisition of the notions transmitted but also the acquired critical maturity in constructing relationships of meaning between authors, places and projects. The examination consists of an interview on the topics covered in the lectures and conferences. Although the interview is an individual test and assessment for each student, it will take the form of a collective game of dominoes, with game tiles prepared and provided by the lecturers, which take up the topics covered in the course. Following each lesson, the teachers provide several dominoes relating to the topics covered: at the end of the course, students will have received around 100 dominoes. While in traditional dominoes the tiles are numbered from 0 to 6, in landscape dominoes the tiles are numbered with words or images in five categories: 1. Works and projects (O); 2. Books (L); 3. Entries (V); 4 Authors (A). On the day of the exam, each student must print out and bring with him/her 4 cards that he/she has chosen from all those provided during the course, one of which must necessarily refer to the topics of the lectures. In addition to these, one card is taken from the pile of cards. Each student has 5 tiles. The first player is the teacher and starts laying out the first tile, then it is the turn of the other players. Each student can place one of their tiles next to one of the two laid out just before their turn by the other players, based on similarities or differences between the themes involved, arguing their case competently and in detail. The game/interview has a twofold purpose: to test knowledge and mastery of the topics addressed during the theoretical lessons; to stimulate relational and shared reasoning on the course topics. In the event of an extension of the COVID-19 health emergency, all provisions governing how teaching activities and student assessment are carried out will be implemented. In particular, the following arrangements will apply: the examination will be a traditional interview on the topics of the course and will take place remotely on the institutional telematic platform (MSTeams). The interview will be joint for all the subjects of the integrated course and, for the Urban Planning subject, it will also include a discussion of the papers from the exercise carried out in the first semester. Students who were exempted from the Urban Planning course in February are required to take the interview only for the topics of the Landscape course.