The course intends to present the main theories of value and distribution in their historical development. This must be understood in a twofold sense. On the one hand, the course is dedicated to the reconstruction of the strictly analytical problems that have gradually arisen within the classical theory and the neoclassical (marginalist) theory of value and distribution in their traditional formulations. In this way we intend to provide students with the tools to look with greater awareness at the form in which these two theories present themselves today. On the other hand, the authors who will be considered in the course will be placed in their respective historical moment, with the aim of highlighting the social science character of political economy. In this regard, particular attention will be given to the drastic change of approach that began in economic theory in the period immediately following Ricardo, and for which it seems difficult to find a justification on exclusively analytical grounds.