20711191 - EPISTEMOLOGY OF COMMUNICATION

The course aims to use the tools of epistemology to study communicative phenomena. To this end, we will first provide an introduction to the fundamental concepts of the theory of knowledge and the fundamental aspects of the scientific method. Some issues of social epistemology will then be addressed, such as epistemological disagreement, testimony and beliefs, the epistemology of experts.
At the end of the course, students will have acquired fundamental notions of philosophy of science and some tools to conduct the methodological and epistemological analysis of the communication models developed in various disciplinary sectors (such as cognitive science, psychology, ethology, theory of games).

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Programme

In the Epistemology and Communication course, some theoretical tools from classical epistemology, such as formal logic and logical fallacies, and from social epistemology, such as the notions of epistemic vigilance and epistemic injustice, will be presented.
Some aspects of the social organization of science and its communication, such as the social norms governing it and peer review, will then be discussed.
Some problems related to digital communication will then be examined, such as the status of images produced through generative artificial intelligences (in jargon “deepfake”), with a look also at online gender violence.

Core Documentation

English speaking students must discuss the program with the professor.

Reference Bibliography

NB references are tentative: Papers & books on epistemology and science: • Goldman, Alvin and Cailin O’Connor, "Social Epistemology", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . • Leonard, Nick, "Epistemological Problems of Testimony", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . • Okasha, Samir (2006). Il primo libro di filosofia della scienza. Einaudi.Cerroni, A., & Simonella, Z. T. (2014). Sociologia della scienza: capire la scienza per capire la società contemporanea. Carocci editore. • Merton, R. K., & Bucchi, M. (2011). Scienza, religione e politica. Il Mulino. • Viola, M., Vissio, G. (2022), L’effetto San Paolo: retoriche della conversione nella religione e nella scienza. • Viola, M. (2019), La scienza dei premi Nobel per le scienze. Quaderni di Sociologia, 82, 83-93. • Gagliardi, F., & Viola, M. (2019), La regola della priorità nella scienza e la scoperta dell’Antimateria. Paradigmi, 38(3), 585-605. • Figà Talamanca, G., & Arfini, S. (2022). Through the newsfeed glass: Rethinking filter bubbles and Echo chambers. Philosophy & Technology, 35(1), 1-34. • Fasoli, M. (2021). The Overuse of Digital Technologies: Human Weaknesses, Design Strategies and Ethical Concerns. Philosophy & Technology, 34(4), 1409-1427. • Mercier, H. (2020). Not born yesterday. In Not Born Yesterday. Princeton University Press. • Strasser, B., Baudry, J., Mahr, D., Sanchez, G., & Tancoigne, E. (2019). " Citizen science"? Rethinking science and public participation. Science & Technology Studies, 32(ARTICLE), 52-76. • Ballantyne, N. (2019). Epistemic trespassing. Mind. • Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press. • Buzzell, A., & Rini, R. (2022). Doing your own research and other impossible acts of epistemic superheroism. Philosophical Psychology, 1-25. • Heesen, R., & Bright, L. K. (2021). Is peer review a good idea?. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. • Szegőfi, Á., & Heintz, C. (2022). Institutions of epistemic vigilance: The case of the newspaper press. Social Epistemology, 36(5), 613-628. Papers for the seminar on deepfakes: • Viola, M., Voto, C. (2023), Designed to abuse? Deepfakes and the non-consensual diffusion of intimate images. Synthese, 201(30), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-022-04012-2 • Harris, K. R. (2021). Video on demand: what deepfakes do and how they harm. Synthese, 199(5-6), 13373-13391. • Fallis, D. (2021). The epistemic threat of deepfakes. Philosophy & Technology, 34(4), 623-643. • Rini, R. (2020). Deepfakes and the Epistemic Backstop. Philosopher's Imprint, 20(24). • Habgood-Coote, J. (2023). Deepfakes and the epistemic apocalypse. Synthese, 201(3), 103. • Öhman, C. (2022). The identification game: deepfakes and the epistemic limits of identity. Synthese, 200(4), 319. • Atencia-Linares, P., & Artiga, M. (2022). Deepfakes, shallow epistemic graves: On the epistemic robustness of photography and videos in the era of deepfakes. Synthèse, 200(6), 518. • Roberts, T. (2023). How to do things with deepfakes. Synthese, 201(2), 43.

Type of delivery of the course

The course includes. (a) lectures with class discussion (about 50%) (b) commentary on exercises done at home (about 10%) (c) guest speakers (about 15%) (d) during the last weeks, student presentation of papers and class discussion (about 25%)

Attendance

Attendance is not mandatory but is strongly recommended.

Type of evaluation

For non-attenders, verification of learning is through an oral test, which consists of THREE MODULES to be agreed with the lecturer at least 2 weeks before the exam, where 1 MODULE = 1 book of your choice from those listed as the exam syllabus / 3 articles of your choice from those discussed in the course, and found in the teaching Moodle folder. Accordingly, an exam may consist of 3 books; 2 books and 3 articles; 1 book and 6 articles; or 9 articles. Attendees only are also offered the opportunity (a) to take 1 MODULE in itinere, through the performance of some exercises during the course. (b) to discount 1 MODULE by submitting a written paper (min 3000 max 5000 words, Italian or English), on a topic to be agreed with the lecturer and to be sent at least 10 days before the exam. (c) potentially, to take 1 MODULE by presenting a paper during a class. Accordingly, for an attending student the exam may consist of 2 books + exercises; of exercises + written paper + 3 papers; of written paper + 2 books/6 papers/3 papers and 1 book; etc.