The course aims at introducing the students to the knowledge and comprehension of the foundations of private law, i.e. the fundamental concepts and legal rules governing private law relationships between individuals and corresponding remedies.
Curriculum
Canali
teacher profile teaching materials
1- Sources of Roman Law (14 h);
2- Facts, acts and legal acts (6 h);
3- Civil procedure (18 h);
4- Individuals and family (6 h);
5- Obligations and contract law (18 h);
6- Ownership, possession, other rights in rem (8 h);
7- Donations (2 h);
8- Inheritance law (8 h).
The main purpose of this course is to determine how and how far Roman law and other legal systems provided a framework, which influenced, and perhaps determined, economic development, social change and political evolution. Strictly related to this, the course addresses whether that development, change and evolution modified the content and procedures of Roman law and other ancient legal systems. Ultimately, how the use of legal evidence may lead to a better understanding of ancient societies, and vice versa.
Background reading
A. BURDESE, Manuale di diritto privato romano (4a ed.), Torino, 2006.
M. MARRONE, Istituzioni di diritto romano, Palermo, 2006.
Le Istituzioni di Gaio. Traduzione italiana, a cura di M. Balzarini, Torino, 1998.
Programme
The course analyzes the historical evolution of Roman Private Law from its origins to the Justinian age. The Roman Private Law’s main topics are:1- Sources of Roman Law (14 h);
2- Facts, acts and legal acts (6 h);
3- Civil procedure (18 h);
4- Individuals and family (6 h);
5- Obligations and contract law (18 h);
6- Ownership, possession, other rights in rem (8 h);
7- Donations (2 h);
8- Inheritance law (8 h).
The main purpose of this course is to determine how and how far Roman law and other legal systems provided a framework, which influenced, and perhaps determined, economic development, social change and political evolution. Strictly related to this, the course addresses whether that development, change and evolution modified the content and procedures of Roman law and other ancient legal systems. Ultimately, how the use of legal evidence may lead to a better understanding of ancient societies, and vice versa.
Core Documentation
V. MANNINO, Introduzione alla storia del diritto privato dei Romani (3a ed.), Torino, 2018.Background reading
A. BURDESE, Manuale di diritto privato romano (4a ed.), Torino, 2006.
M. MARRONE, Istituzioni di diritto romano, Palermo, 2006.
Le Istituzioni di Gaio. Traduzione italiana, a cura di M. Balzarini, Torino, 1998.
Reference Bibliography
Other suggested reading D. JOHNSTON, Roman Law in Context, Cambridge, 2004; The Oxford Handbook of Roman Law and Society, ed. by P.J. Du Plessis, C. Ando, K. Tuori, Oxford, 2016; W.W. BUCKLAND, A Text-Book of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian, 3 ed. revised by P. Stein, Cambridge, 2007.Type of delivery of the course
The teaching method aims to promote learning through frontal lessons in which every legal feature is taken into account with their inseparable logical and systematic correlation. The course material will be uploaded on the Uniroma Tre e-learning platform. Possible conferences and/or seminars of interest, as well as optional tutoring activities and workshops related to the course will be pointed out from time to time during the lectures. Students who wish to study parts of the programme on institutional texts of Roman law written in German, French or English are requested to contact the lecturer during the lessons. ERASMUS students are kindly requested to contact the teacher at the beginning of the course, in order to agree on the exam’s programme, which consist in the discussion of an assigned paper on a specific subject written in English or in Italian.Type of evaluation
Extraordinary Procedure for online exams due to the current COVID-19 medical emergency: The examination will take place by interview both on the substantive and procedural institutions of Roman law. Oral exams will be held on Microsoft Teams (art. 1, Rector Decree n. 703 - 05/05/2020) as explained in details in the following link: http://portalestudente.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/file_locked/2020/05/Esami-Profitto_ProvaOrale_Vademecum_Studente-v2.0.pdf. PLEASE NOTE: Recording and sharing the session's audio, video or pictures, in full or partially, regardless of the source or the tools used to obtain them, is strictly forbidden. Any violation will be prosecuted by law. Ordinary Procedure for exams: The examination will take place for every student both in written form (with the submission of four open questions to which the student must answer in the maximum time of twenty-five minutes), and with an interview, in which, after a brief illustration and comment on the written test, the knowledge of the subject will be further examined. The final grade is expressed in thirtieths (30/30). The evaluation between 18 and 20 corresponds to a sufficient, yet low and basic, knowledge of the subject; the evaluation between 20 and 25 shows a more than sufficient / discreet knowledge of the subject; the evaluation between 25 and 29 shows a good or very good knowledge of the subject as well as a commendable critical skills. The evaluation between 30 and 30 cum laude corresponds to a very good or excellent knowledge along with high critical, analytical and connection skills. Language of the oral exam: Italian, German and English. teacher profile teaching materials
The study of Roman law is always connected on the one side to the broader social, political and economic Roman context, on the other side to modern legal systems.
The topics are:
General traits of the different ages of Roman law.
Sources of Roman law.
Legal theory and history of law.
Civil procedure.
Law of persons and family.
Law of property and possession.
Law of obligations.
Law of succession.
The Roman jurists and their methods.
-LE ISTITUZIONI DI GAIO. TRADUZIONE ITALIANA a cura di M. Balzarini, Giappichelli, TORINO, 2000
FOR THE ATTENDING STUDENTS:
- G. PUGLIESE –F.SITZIA-L. VACCA, MANUALE DI ISTITUZIONI DI DIRITTO ROMANO, GIAPPICHELLI, TORINO 2012, WITH THE EXCLUSION OF THE PARAGRAPHS OF PARTE III NN. 228 TO 235; 256 TO 267; 269 TO 270.3; 272; 287 TO 295; 297-298; 300 TO 310.
-LE ISTITUZIONI DI GAIO. TRADUZIONE ITALIANA a cura di M. Balzarini, Giappichelli, TORINO, 2000
Programme
This course has to provide the basic knowledge of Roman private law and civil procedure, with coverage of all key topics, including the Roman systems of the sources of law and the role of the jurists.The study of Roman law is always connected on the one side to the broader social, political and economic Roman context, on the other side to modern legal systems.
The topics are:
General traits of the different ages of Roman law.
Sources of Roman law.
Legal theory and history of law.
Civil procedure.
Law of persons and family.
Law of property and possession.
Law of obligations.
Law of succession.
The Roman jurists and their methods.
Core Documentation
- G. PUGLIESE –F. SITZIA-L. VACCA, MANUALE DI ISTITUZIONI DI DIRITTO ROMANO, GIAPPICHELLI, TORINO 2012.-LE ISTITUZIONI DI GAIO. TRADUZIONE ITALIANA a cura di M. Balzarini, Giappichelli, TORINO, 2000
FOR THE ATTENDING STUDENTS:
- G. PUGLIESE –F.SITZIA-L. VACCA, MANUALE DI ISTITUZIONI DI DIRITTO ROMANO, GIAPPICHELLI, TORINO 2012, WITH THE EXCLUSION OF THE PARAGRAPHS OF PARTE III NN. 228 TO 235; 256 TO 267; 269 TO 270.3; 272; 287 TO 295; 297-298; 300 TO 310.
-LE ISTITUZIONI DI GAIO. TRADUZIONE ITALIANA a cura di M. Balzarini, Giappichelli, TORINO, 2000
Type of evaluation
Oral exam teacher profile teaching materials
1- Sources of Roman Law (14 h);
2- Facts, acts and legal acts (6 h);
3- Civil procedure (18 h);
4- Individuals and family (6 h);
5- Obligations and contract law (18 h);
6- Ownership, possession, other rights in rem (8 h);
7- Donations (2 h);
8- Inheritance law (8 h).
The main purpose of this course is to determine how and how far Roman law and other legal systems provided a framework, which influenced, and perhaps determined, economic development, social change and political evolution. Strictly related to this, the course addresses whether that development, change and evolution modified the content and procedures of Roman law and other ancient legal systems. Ultimately, how the use of legal evidence may lead to a better understanding of ancient societies, and vice versa.
Background reading
A. BURDESE, Manuale di diritto privato romano (4a ed.), Torino, 2006.
M. MARRONE, Istituzioni di diritto romano, Palermo, 2006.
Le Istituzioni di Gaio. Traduzione italiana, a cura di M. Balzarini, Torino, 1998.
Other suggested reading
D. JOHNSTON, Roman Law in Context, Cambridge, 2004; The Oxford Handbook of Roman Law and Society, ed. by P.J. Du Plessis, C. Ando, K. Tuori, Oxford, 2016; W.W. BUCKLAND, A Text-Book of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian, 3 ed. revised by P. Stein, Cambridge, 2007.
Programme
The course analyzes the historical evolution of Roman Private Law from its origins to the Justinian age. The Roman Private Law’s main topics are:1- Sources of Roman Law (14 h);
2- Facts, acts and legal acts (6 h);
3- Civil procedure (18 h);
4- Individuals and family (6 h);
5- Obligations and contract law (18 h);
6- Ownership, possession, other rights in rem (8 h);
7- Donations (2 h);
8- Inheritance law (8 h).
The main purpose of this course is to determine how and how far Roman law and other legal systems provided a framework, which influenced, and perhaps determined, economic development, social change and political evolution. Strictly related to this, the course addresses whether that development, change and evolution modified the content and procedures of Roman law and other ancient legal systems. Ultimately, how the use of legal evidence may lead to a better understanding of ancient societies, and vice versa.
Core Documentation
V. MANNINO, Introduzione alla storia del diritto privato dei Romani (3a ed.), Torino, 2018.Background reading
A. BURDESE, Manuale di diritto privato romano (4a ed.), Torino, 2006.
M. MARRONE, Istituzioni di diritto romano, Palermo, 2006.
Le Istituzioni di Gaio. Traduzione italiana, a cura di M. Balzarini, Torino, 1998.
Other suggested reading
D. JOHNSTON, Roman Law in Context, Cambridge, 2004; The Oxford Handbook of Roman Law and Society, ed. by P.J. Du Plessis, C. Ando, K. Tuori, Oxford, 2016; W.W. BUCKLAND, A Text-Book of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian, 3 ed. revised by P. Stein, Cambridge, 2007.
Type of delivery of the course
Course Outline The teaching method aims to promote learning through frontal lessons in which every legal feature is taken into account with their inseparable logical and systematic correlation. The course material will be uploaded on the Uniroma Tre e-learning platform. Possible conferences and/or seminars of interest, as well as optional tutoring activities and workshops related to the course will be pointed out from time to time during the lectures. Students who wish to study parts of the programme on institutional texts of Roman law written in German, French or English are requested to contact the lecturer during the lessons. ERASMUS students are kindly requested to contact the teacher at the beginning of the course, in order to agree on the exam’s programme, which consist in the discussion of an assigned paper on a specific subject written in English or in Italian. Exam information Extraordinary Procedure for online exams due to the current COVID-19 medical emergency: The examination will take place by interview both on the substantive and procedural institutions of Roman law. Oral exams will be held on Microsoft Teams (art. 1, Rector Decree n. 703 - 05/05/2020) as explained in details in the following link: http://portalestudente.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/file_locked/2020/05/Esami-Profitto_ProvaOrale_Vademecum_Studente-v2.0.pdf. PLEASE NOTE: Recording and sharing the session's audio, video or pictures, in full or partially, regardless of the source or the tools used to obtain them, is strictly forbidden. Any violation will be prosecuted by law.Type of evaluation
Exam information Extraordinary Procedure for online exams due to the current COVID-19 medical emergency: The examination will take place by interview both on the substantive and procedural institutions of Roman law. Oral exams will be held on Microsoft Teams (art. 1, Rector Decree n. 703 - 05/05/2020) as explained in details in the following link: http://portalestudente.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/file_locked/2020/05/Esami-Profitto_ProvaOrale_Vademecum_Studente-v2.0.pdf. PLEASE NOTE: Recording and sharing the session's audio, video or pictures, in full or partially, regardless of the source or the tools used to obtain them, is strictly forbidden. Any violation will be prosecuted by law. Ordinary Procedure for exams: The examination will take place for every student both in written form (with the submission of four open questions to which the student must answer in the maximum time of twenty-five minutes), and with an interview, in which, after a brief illustration and comment on the written test, the knowledge of the subject will be further examined. The final grade is expressed in thirtieths (30/30). The evaluation between 18 and 20 corresponds to a sufficient, yet low and basic, knowledge of the subject; the evaluation between 20 and 25 shows a more than sufficient / discreet knowledge of the subject; the evaluation between 25 and 29 shows a good or very good knowledge of the subject as well as a commendable critical skills. The evaluation between 30 and 30 cum laude corresponds to a very good or excellent knowledge along with high critical, analytical and connection skills. Language of the oral exam: Italian, German and English.Canali
teacher profile teaching materials
1- Sources of Roman Law (14 h);
2- Facts, acts and legal acts (6 h);
3- Civil procedure (18 h);
4- Individuals and family (6 h);
5- Obligations and contract law (18 h);
6- Ownership, possession, other rights in rem (8 h);
7- Donations (2 h);
8- Inheritance law (8 h).
The main purpose of this course is to determine how and how far Roman law and other legal systems provided a framework, which influenced, and perhaps determined, economic development, social change and political evolution. Strictly related to this, the course addresses whether that development, change and evolution modified the content and procedures of Roman law and other ancient legal systems. Ultimately, how the use of legal evidence may lead to a better understanding of ancient societies, and vice versa.
Background reading
A. BURDESE, Manuale di diritto privato romano (4a ed.), Torino, 2006.
M. MARRONE, Istituzioni di diritto romano, Palermo, 2006.
Le Istituzioni di Gaio. Traduzione italiana, a cura di M. Balzarini, Torino, 1998.
Mutuazione: 20110347 Istituzioni di diritto romano in GIURISPRUDENZA LMG/01 A - D GALEOTTI SARA
Programme
The course analyzes the historical evolution of Roman Private Law from its origins to the Justinian age. The Roman Private Law’s main topics are:1- Sources of Roman Law (14 h);
2- Facts, acts and legal acts (6 h);
3- Civil procedure (18 h);
4- Individuals and family (6 h);
5- Obligations and contract law (18 h);
6- Ownership, possession, other rights in rem (8 h);
7- Donations (2 h);
8- Inheritance law (8 h).
The main purpose of this course is to determine how and how far Roman law and other legal systems provided a framework, which influenced, and perhaps determined, economic development, social change and political evolution. Strictly related to this, the course addresses whether that development, change and evolution modified the content and procedures of Roman law and other ancient legal systems. Ultimately, how the use of legal evidence may lead to a better understanding of ancient societies, and vice versa.
Core Documentation
V. MANNINO, Introduzione alla storia del diritto privato dei Romani (3a ed.), Torino, 2018.Background reading
A. BURDESE, Manuale di diritto privato romano (4a ed.), Torino, 2006.
M. MARRONE, Istituzioni di diritto romano, Palermo, 2006.
Le Istituzioni di Gaio. Traduzione italiana, a cura di M. Balzarini, Torino, 1998.
Type of delivery of the course
The teaching method aims to promote learning through frontal lessons in which every legal feature is taken into account with their inseparable logical and systematic correlation. The course material will be uploaded on the Uniroma Tre e-learning platform. Possible conferences and/or seminars of interest, as well as optional tutoring activities and workshops related to the course will be pointed out from time to time during the lectures. Students who wish to study parts of the programme on institutional texts of Roman law written in German, French or English are requested to contact the lecturer during the lessons. ERASMUS students are kindly requested to contact the teacher at the beginning of the course, in order to agree on the exam’s programme, which consist in the discussion of an assigned paper on a specific subject written in English or in Italian.Type of evaluation
Extraordinary Procedure for online exams due to the current COVID-19 medical emergency: The examination will take place by interview both on the substantive and procedural institutions of Roman law. Oral exams will be held on Microsoft Teams (art. 1, Rector Decree n. 703 - 05/05/2020) as explained in details in the following link: http://portalestudente.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/file_locked/2020/05/Esami-Profitto_ProvaOrale_Vademecum_Studente-v2.0.pdf. PLEASE NOTE: Recording and sharing the session's audio, video or pictures, in full or partially, regardless of the source or the tools used to obtain them, is strictly forbidden. Any violation will be prosecuted by law. Ordinary Procedure for exams: The examination will take place for every student both in written form (with the submission of four open questions to which the student must answer in the maximum time of twenty-five minutes), and with an interview, in which, after a brief illustration and comment on the written test, the knowledge of the subject will be further examined. The final grade is expressed in thirtieths (30/30). The evaluation between 18 and 20 corresponds to a sufficient, yet low and basic, knowledge of the subject; the evaluation between 20 and 25 shows a more than sufficient / discreet knowledge of the subject; the evaluation between 25 and 29 shows a good or very good knowledge of the subject as well as a commendable critical skills. The evaluation between 30 and 30 cum laude corresponds to a very good or excellent knowledge along with high critical, analytical and connection skills. Language of the oral exam: Italian, German and English. teacher profile teaching materials
The study of Roman law is always connected on the one side to the broader social, political and economic Roman context, on the other side to modern legal systems.
The topics are:
General traits of the different ages of Roman law.
Sources of Roman law.
Legal theory and history of law.
Civil procedure.
Law of persons and family.
Law of property and possession.
Law of obligations.
Law of succession.
The Roman jurists and their methods.
-LE ISTITUZIONI DI GAIO. TRADUZIONE ITALIANA a cura di M. Balzarini, Giappichelli, TORINO, 2000
FOR THE ATTENDING STUDENTS:
- G. PUGLIESE –F.SITZIA-L. VACCA, MANUALE DI ISTITUZIONI DI DIRITTO ROMANO, GIAPPICHELLI, TORINO 2012, WITH THE EXCLUSION OF THE PARAGRAPHS OF PARTE III NN. 228 TO 235; 256 TO 267; 269 TO 270.3; 272; 287 TO 295; 297-298; 300 TO 310.
-LE ISTITUZIONI DI GAIO. TRADUZIONE ITALIANA a cura di M. Balzarini, Giappichelli, TORINO, 2000
Mutuazione: 20110347 Istituzioni di diritto romano in GIURISPRUDENZA LMG/01 E - O SPERANDIO MARCO URBANO
Programme
This course has to provide the basic knowledge of Roman private law and civil procedure, with coverage of all key topics, including the Roman systems of the sources of law and the role of the jurists.The study of Roman law is always connected on the one side to the broader social, political and economic Roman context, on the other side to modern legal systems.
The topics are:
General traits of the different ages of Roman law.
Sources of Roman law.
Legal theory and history of law.
Civil procedure.
Law of persons and family.
Law of property and possession.
Law of obligations.
Law of succession.
The Roman jurists and their methods.
Core Documentation
- G. PUGLIESE –F. SITZIA-L. VACCA, MANUALE DI ISTITUZIONI DI DIRITTO ROMANO, GIAPPICHELLI, TORINO 2012.-LE ISTITUZIONI DI GAIO. TRADUZIONE ITALIANA a cura di M. Balzarini, Giappichelli, TORINO, 2000
FOR THE ATTENDING STUDENTS:
- G. PUGLIESE –F.SITZIA-L. VACCA, MANUALE DI ISTITUZIONI DI DIRITTO ROMANO, GIAPPICHELLI, TORINO 2012, WITH THE EXCLUSION OF THE PARAGRAPHS OF PARTE III NN. 228 TO 235; 256 TO 267; 269 TO 270.3; 272; 287 TO 295; 297-298; 300 TO 310.
-LE ISTITUZIONI DI GAIO. TRADUZIONE ITALIANA a cura di M. Balzarini, Giappichelli, TORINO, 2000
Type of evaluation
Oral exam teacher profile teaching materials
1- Sources of Roman Law (14 h);
2- Facts, acts and legal acts (6 h);
3- Civil procedure (18 h);
4- Individuals and family (6 h);
5- Obligations and contract law (18 h);
6- Ownership, possession, other rights in rem (8 h);
7- Donations (2 h);
8- Inheritance law (8 h).
The main purpose of this course is to determine how and how far Roman law and other legal systems provided a framework, which influenced, and perhaps determined, economic development, social change and political evolution. Strictly related to this, the course addresses whether that development, change and evolution modified the content and procedures of Roman law and other ancient legal systems. Ultimately, how the use of legal evidence may lead to a better understanding of ancient societies, and vice versa.
Background reading
A. BURDESE, Manuale di diritto privato romano (4a ed.), Torino, 2006.
M. MARRONE, Istituzioni di diritto romano, Palermo, 2006.
Le Istituzioni di Gaio. Traduzione italiana, a cura di M. Balzarini, Torino, 1998.
Other suggested reading
D. JOHNSTON, Roman Law in Context, Cambridge, 2004; The Oxford Handbook of Roman Law and Society, ed. by P.J. Du Plessis, C. Ando, K. Tuori, Oxford, 2016; W.W. BUCKLAND, A Text-Book of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian, 3 ed. revised by P. Stein, Cambridge, 2007.
Mutuazione: 20110347 Istituzioni di diritto romano in GIURISPRUDENZA LMG/01 P - Z Dalla Massara Tommaso
Programme
The course analyzes the historical evolution of Roman Private Law from its origins to the Justinian age. The Roman Private Law’s main topics are:1- Sources of Roman Law (14 h);
2- Facts, acts and legal acts (6 h);
3- Civil procedure (18 h);
4- Individuals and family (6 h);
5- Obligations and contract law (18 h);
6- Ownership, possession, other rights in rem (8 h);
7- Donations (2 h);
8- Inheritance law (8 h).
The main purpose of this course is to determine how and how far Roman law and other legal systems provided a framework, which influenced, and perhaps determined, economic development, social change and political evolution. Strictly related to this, the course addresses whether that development, change and evolution modified the content and procedures of Roman law and other ancient legal systems. Ultimately, how the use of legal evidence may lead to a better understanding of ancient societies, and vice versa.
Core Documentation
V. MANNINO, Introduzione alla storia del diritto privato dei Romani (3a ed.), Torino, 2018.Background reading
A. BURDESE, Manuale di diritto privato romano (4a ed.), Torino, 2006.
M. MARRONE, Istituzioni di diritto romano, Palermo, 2006.
Le Istituzioni di Gaio. Traduzione italiana, a cura di M. Balzarini, Torino, 1998.
Other suggested reading
D. JOHNSTON, Roman Law in Context, Cambridge, 2004; The Oxford Handbook of Roman Law and Society, ed. by P.J. Du Plessis, C. Ando, K. Tuori, Oxford, 2016; W.W. BUCKLAND, A Text-Book of Roman Law from Augustus to Justinian, 3 ed. revised by P. Stein, Cambridge, 2007.
Type of delivery of the course
Course Outline The teaching method aims to promote learning through frontal lessons in which every legal feature is taken into account with their inseparable logical and systematic correlation. The course material will be uploaded on the Uniroma Tre e-learning platform. Possible conferences and/or seminars of interest, as well as optional tutoring activities and workshops related to the course will be pointed out from time to time during the lectures. Students who wish to study parts of the programme on institutional texts of Roman law written in German, French or English are requested to contact the lecturer during the lessons. ERASMUS students are kindly requested to contact the teacher at the beginning of the course, in order to agree on the exam’s programme, which consist in the discussion of an assigned paper on a specific subject written in English or in Italian. Exam information Extraordinary Procedure for online exams due to the current COVID-19 medical emergency: The examination will take place by interview both on the substantive and procedural institutions of Roman law. Oral exams will be held on Microsoft Teams (art. 1, Rector Decree n. 703 - 05/05/2020) as explained in details in the following link: http://portalestudente.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/file_locked/2020/05/Esami-Profitto_ProvaOrale_Vademecum_Studente-v2.0.pdf. PLEASE NOTE: Recording and sharing the session's audio, video or pictures, in full or partially, regardless of the source or the tools used to obtain them, is strictly forbidden. Any violation will be prosecuted by law.Type of evaluation
Exam information Extraordinary Procedure for online exams due to the current COVID-19 medical emergency: The examination will take place by interview both on the substantive and procedural institutions of Roman law. Oral exams will be held on Microsoft Teams (art. 1, Rector Decree n. 703 - 05/05/2020) as explained in details in the following link: http://portalestudente.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/file_locked/2020/05/Esami-Profitto_ProvaOrale_Vademecum_Studente-v2.0.pdf. PLEASE NOTE: Recording and sharing the session's audio, video or pictures, in full or partially, regardless of the source or the tools used to obtain them, is strictly forbidden. Any violation will be prosecuted by law. Ordinary Procedure for exams: The examination will take place for every student both in written form (with the submission of four open questions to which the student must answer in the maximum time of twenty-five minutes), and with an interview, in which, after a brief illustration and comment on the written test, the knowledge of the subject will be further examined. The final grade is expressed in thirtieths (30/30). The evaluation between 18 and 20 corresponds to a sufficient, yet low and basic, knowledge of the subject; the evaluation between 20 and 25 shows a more than sufficient / discreet knowledge of the subject; the evaluation between 25 and 29 shows a good or very good knowledge of the subject as well as a commendable critical skills. The evaluation between 30 and 30 cum laude corresponds to a very good or excellent knowledge along with high critical, analytical and connection skills. Language of the oral exam: Italian, German and English.