The course deals with the laws and methods which allow a quantitative evaluation of heat transfer processes (conduction, convection, radiation) between bodies and inside a body, as well as the temperature field variations these processes cause, with the objective of providing the knowledge necessary to design heat transfer devices.
teacher profile teaching materials
First Law of Thermodynamics
Heat Transfer
Heat transfer by conduction: Fourier's postulate; steady-state applications (infinite flat plate, hollow cylinder, plate with internal heat generation, thermal transmittance); transient applications (cooling of a body, semi-infinite medium subjected to a temperature step, semi-infinite medium under stabilized periodic conditions with sinusoidal forcing).
Heat transfer by radiation: definitions, Bouguer's law of radiation absorption, Kirchhoff's principle, black-body laws, definition of gray and selective bodies; radiation heat transfer between infinite parallel flat plates (gray, black, and selective, including cases with radiation shields); heat transfer between black surfaces of arbitrary orientation; definition of view factors (shape factors); radiation heat transfer within cavities.
Heat transfer by convection: equation for calculating convective exchange; classification of exchange configurations; definition of boundary layer; principle of similarity; Nusselt, Reynolds, Prandtl, and Grashof numbers; physical significance of dimensionless parameters; correlation laws for dimensionless parameters under specific forced and natural convection conditions.
Complex Heat Transfer Phenomena
Definition of heat exchange by advection
Definition of sol-air temperature.
Applications to building envelope components.
Introduction to the thermodynamics of moist air.
Introduction to thermal-hygrometric comfort – Human body heat balance.
Fundamentals of Acoustics
Acoustic waves. Acoustic quantities and levels. Psychoacoustics. Normal audiogram. Acoustics of complex sounds. Auditory masking. Weighted sound levels.
Statistical Acoustics. Calculation of room reverberation time.
Sound-absorbing materials. Sound insulation capacity and sound insulation of spaces.
Programme
Fundamentals of ThermodynamicsFirst Law of Thermodynamics
Heat Transfer
Heat transfer by conduction: Fourier's postulate; steady-state applications (infinite flat plate, hollow cylinder, plate with internal heat generation, thermal transmittance); transient applications (cooling of a body, semi-infinite medium subjected to a temperature step, semi-infinite medium under stabilized periodic conditions with sinusoidal forcing).
Heat transfer by radiation: definitions, Bouguer's law of radiation absorption, Kirchhoff's principle, black-body laws, definition of gray and selective bodies; radiation heat transfer between infinite parallel flat plates (gray, black, and selective, including cases with radiation shields); heat transfer between black surfaces of arbitrary orientation; definition of view factors (shape factors); radiation heat transfer within cavities.
Heat transfer by convection: equation for calculating convective exchange; classification of exchange configurations; definition of boundary layer; principle of similarity; Nusselt, Reynolds, Prandtl, and Grashof numbers; physical significance of dimensionless parameters; correlation laws for dimensionless parameters under specific forced and natural convection conditions.
Complex Heat Transfer Phenomena
Definition of heat exchange by advection
Definition of sol-air temperature.
Applications to building envelope components.
Introduction to the thermodynamics of moist air.
Introduction to thermal-hygrometric comfort – Human body heat balance.
Fundamentals of Acoustics
Acoustic waves. Acoustic quantities and levels. Psychoacoustics. Normal audiogram. Acoustics of complex sounds. Auditory masking. Weighted sound levels.
Statistical Acoustics. Calculation of room reverberation time.
Sound-absorbing materials. Sound insulation capacity and sound insulation of spaces.
Prerequisiti
-------------Core Documentation
lecturer's handoutsReference Bibliography
-------------Attendance
Lasts one academic semester, with classes three times a week for two hours per session.Type of evaluation
written test with exercises and theoretical questions teacher profile teaching materials
Fundamentals: physical quantities and units of measurement, closed and open systems, forms of energy, properties of a thermodynamic system, transformations and thermodynamic cycles, temperature and zero principle of thermodynamics, pressure.
The first law of thermodynamics: the concept of conservation of energy, closed and open systems, enthalpy, energy conservation for stationary flow systems.
Properties of substances: pure substances, heat capacity and specific heats, phases of a substance, phase changes of pure substances, state diagrams, equation of state for ideal gases, transformations.
The second law of thermodynamics: statements of the second law of thermodynamics, heat engines, refrigeration machines and heat pumps, reversible and irreversible transformations, Carnot cycle, entropy.
Thermodynamics of humid air: dry air and atmospheric air, absolute humidity and relative humidity, dew temperature, psychrometric diagram, air conditioning, transformations for air conditioning.
Heat transfer
Steady-state thermal conduction: Fourier postulate, analogy with electrical flow, thermal conductivity, one-dimensional conduction in simple geometries, multilayer flat walls, cylindrical geometries, critical insulation radius.
Forced and natural convection: introduction, dimensionless numbers, classification of fluid motion, limit layer of velocity and temperature, natural convection on surfaces.
Irradiation: introduction, thermal radiation, black body radiation, radiative properties, view factors, heat transmission by radiation between black and gray diffusing surfaces, radiation screens.
Applications: thermal transmittance and conductance of walls, critical insulation radius.
Heat exchangers.
Acoustics
Acoustic quantities: general information, sound pressure and sound pressure level, sound power and sound power level, sound intensity and sound intensity level, psychophysical acoustics, normal audiogram, weighting curves.
Free-field and indoor environment propagation: behavior of materials subjected to sound stresses, sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials, sound-insulating power, sound insulation, Sabine theory.
Books:
Yunus A. Çengel, Giuliano Dall'Ò, Luca Sarto, “Fisica tecnica ambientale. Con elementi di acustica e illuminotecnica”, McGraw-Hill Education
Yunus A. Çengel, “Termodinamica e trasmissione del calore”, McGraw-Hill Education
Fabio Polonara, Gianni Cesini, Gianni Latini, “Fisica tecnica”, CittàStudi (only for in-depth analysis)
Programme
ThermodynamicsFundamentals: physical quantities and units of measurement, closed and open systems, forms of energy, properties of a thermodynamic system, transformations and thermodynamic cycles, temperature and zero principle of thermodynamics, pressure.
The first law of thermodynamics: the concept of conservation of energy, closed and open systems, enthalpy, energy conservation for stationary flow systems.
Properties of substances: pure substances, heat capacity and specific heats, phases of a substance, phase changes of pure substances, state diagrams, equation of state for ideal gases, transformations.
The second law of thermodynamics: statements of the second law of thermodynamics, heat engines, refrigeration machines and heat pumps, reversible and irreversible transformations, Carnot cycle, entropy.
Thermodynamics of humid air: dry air and atmospheric air, absolute humidity and relative humidity, dew temperature, psychrometric diagram, air conditioning, transformations for air conditioning.
Heat transfer
Steady-state thermal conduction: Fourier postulate, analogy with electrical flow, thermal conductivity, one-dimensional conduction in simple geometries, multilayer flat walls, cylindrical geometries, critical insulation radius.
Forced and natural convection: introduction, dimensionless numbers, classification of fluid motion, limit layer of velocity and temperature, natural convection on surfaces.
Irradiation: introduction, thermal radiation, black body radiation, radiative properties, view factors, heat transmission by radiation between black and gray diffusing surfaces, radiation screens.
Applications: thermal transmittance and conductance of walls, critical insulation radius.
Heat exchangers.
Acoustics
Acoustic quantities: general information, sound pressure and sound pressure level, sound power and sound power level, sound intensity and sound intensity level, psychophysical acoustics, normal audiogram, weighting curves.
Free-field and indoor environment propagation: behavior of materials subjected to sound stresses, sound-absorbing and sound-insulating materials, sound-insulating power, sound insulation, Sabine theory.
Prerequisiti
Typical knowledge of the Mathematical Analysis course.Core Documentation
Educational material provided by the ProfessorBooks:
Yunus A. Çengel, Giuliano Dall'Ò, Luca Sarto, “Fisica tecnica ambientale. Con elementi di acustica e illuminotecnica”, McGraw-Hill Education
Yunus A. Çengel, “Termodinamica e trasmissione del calore”, McGraw-Hill Education
Fabio Polonara, Gianni Cesini, Gianni Latini, “Fisica tecnica”, CittàStudi (only for in-depth analysis)
Attendance
Attending lessons is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam will be carried out by means of a written test with open theory questions and exercises