The overall aim of the course of Marine Measurements is providing the students with basic knowledge and skills about the design and use of measurement systems in dependance of the needs of the experiment and/or the user of the instrumentation within marine applications and testing. In particular, students will be provided with criteria for selecting specific components of the measuring system in dependance on main measuring characteristics and their working principles. The present subject also consists of experimental laboratory activities, that represent a fundamental part of the course.
teacher profile teaching materials
Classification of measurement devices, static and dynamic characteristics of instrumentation. measurement system behavior: first and second order systems.
Fundamentals of probability and statistics, uncertainty analysis and measurement error estimation. national and international standard.
Quality assurance and metrological traceability of measurements. Calibration of measuring devices and interpolation methods. Adjustment of instruments and methods of interpolation.
Fundamentals of analog electrical measurements and devices: current, voltage and resistance measurements, voltmeters and oscilloscopes. loading errors and impedance matching.
Analog signal conditioning: Amplifiers, Wheatstone Bridge Circuits.
Fundamentals of signal analysis, Fourier Transform and the frequency spectrum, systems frequency response. Data Sampling. Digital devices and data acquisition: sampling concepts, data acquisition systems and components. Aliasing. Fundamentals of virtual instrumentation programming and application.
Sensors and transducers. Measurements of length and displacement: mechanical optical and electric instrumentation. potentiometers, linear variable differential transformers and contactless transducers.
Level Measurements. Fundamentals of ultrasound systems for length and profile measurements.
Fundamentals of conductivity measurements. Salinity.
Strain measurement: load classification, stress and strain, mechanical extensometers, resistance and optical strain gauges.
Mass and force measurements. torque and power measurements.
Pressure measurements: pressure concepts and sensing principles, piezometer, u-tube and bourdon tube manometers, pressure transducers and their calibration.
Velocity measurements. measurements inmoving fluids: pitot tube, fan and hot wire anemometers. Ultrasound systems for velocity measurements: fundamentals of doppler velocimetry.
Flow measurements.
Temperature measurements: temperature standards and definition, primary thermometers. gas, liquid-in-glass and metal thermometers, saturated vapor thermometers. Electrical resistance thermometry: concepts, resistance temperature detectors and thermistors, circuits and applications. Thermoelectric temperature measurement: thermocouples, concepts and applications. Fundamentals of radiative temperature measurements and pyrometers.
Acceleration, vibration, and shock measurement. Piezoelectric transducers: concepts, measurement set up and calibration.
Fundamentals of sea state measurements.
• Marc Le Menn, Instrumentation and Metrology in Oceanography, ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012.
• Rinaldo Vallascas "Fondamenti di Misure Meccaniche e Termiche. Grandezze statiche e sistemi" Hoepli 2008.
• Rinaldo Vallascas e Federico Patané "Misure Meccaniche e Termiche. Grandezze tempo-varianti" Hoepli 2007.
• W. Navidi, Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 3rd edition, Mc Graw Hill,2010.
• Beckwith T.G., Marangoni R.D. & LienhardJ.H, Mechanical Measurements, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.
• R. S. Figliola, D. E. Beasley, Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements, 6th Edition, Wiley, 2015.
Programme
Basic concepts of measurement methods and systems. physical quantities, dimensional analysis and systems of units of measurement.Classification of measurement devices, static and dynamic characteristics of instrumentation. measurement system behavior: first and second order systems.
Fundamentals of probability and statistics, uncertainty analysis and measurement error estimation. national and international standard.
Quality assurance and metrological traceability of measurements. Calibration of measuring devices and interpolation methods. Adjustment of instruments and methods of interpolation.
Fundamentals of analog electrical measurements and devices: current, voltage and resistance measurements, voltmeters and oscilloscopes. loading errors and impedance matching.
Analog signal conditioning: Amplifiers, Wheatstone Bridge Circuits.
Fundamentals of signal analysis, Fourier Transform and the frequency spectrum, systems frequency response. Data Sampling. Digital devices and data acquisition: sampling concepts, data acquisition systems and components. Aliasing. Fundamentals of virtual instrumentation programming and application.
Sensors and transducers. Measurements of length and displacement: mechanical optical and electric instrumentation. potentiometers, linear variable differential transformers and contactless transducers.
Level Measurements. Fundamentals of ultrasound systems for length and profile measurements.
Fundamentals of conductivity measurements. Salinity.
Strain measurement: load classification, stress and strain, mechanical extensometers, resistance and optical strain gauges.
Mass and force measurements. torque and power measurements.
Pressure measurements: pressure concepts and sensing principles, piezometer, u-tube and bourdon tube manometers, pressure transducers and their calibration.
Velocity measurements. measurements inmoving fluids: pitot tube, fan and hot wire anemometers. Ultrasound systems for velocity measurements: fundamentals of doppler velocimetry.
Flow measurements.
Temperature measurements: temperature standards and definition, primary thermometers. gas, liquid-in-glass and metal thermometers, saturated vapor thermometers. Electrical resistance thermometry: concepts, resistance temperature detectors and thermistors, circuits and applications. Thermoelectric temperature measurement: thermocouples, concepts and applications. Fundamentals of radiative temperature measurements and pyrometers.
Acceleration, vibration, and shock measurement. Piezoelectric transducers: concepts, measurement set up and calibration.
Fundamentals of sea state measurements.
Core Documentation
• Francesco Paolo Branca "Misure Meccaniche" E.S.A. Editrice.• Marc Le Menn, Instrumentation and Metrology in Oceanography, ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2012.
• Rinaldo Vallascas "Fondamenti di Misure Meccaniche e Termiche. Grandezze statiche e sistemi" Hoepli 2008.
• Rinaldo Vallascas e Federico Patané "Misure Meccaniche e Termiche. Grandezze tempo-varianti" Hoepli 2007.
• W. Navidi, Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 3rd edition, Mc Graw Hill,2010.
• Beckwith T.G., Marangoni R.D. & LienhardJ.H, Mechanical Measurements, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.
• R. S. Figliola, D. E. Beasley, Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements, 6th Edition, Wiley, 2015.
Reference Bibliography
• Ernest O. Doebelin "Strumenti e Metodi di Misura" a cura di Alfredo Cigada e Michele Gasparetto, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008. • P. Cappa, Sensori e Trasduttori per Misure Meccaniche eTermiche, Voll. I-III, Borgia Editore, 1994. • Notes and presentations from the course.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal teaching.Attendance
Class attendance is strongly recommended.Type of evaluation
Questions will be drawn from the class lectures, demonstrations and discussions. The solution of short exercises may be requested during the oral exam.