The aim of the class is to gain knowledge of the different levels of materials structures (atomic, crystalline, nanometric, microscopic and mesoscopic) and of the deviations from the structural perfection (defects). Knowledge of the effects of nano- and microstructure on mechanical properties of materials. Knowledge of the scientific basis for the development of micro and nanostructure. Knowledge of the relationships between nano- and microstructure, process, properties and performances of the different materials, with particular attention to metals: steels, cast irons, light alloys and high temperature alloys. The fundamental concepts needed to correlate the properties of materials to their nature, production and forming processes will be discussed, as well as notions on the classification and application problems.
teacher profile teaching materials
- Historical references, evolution of materials, a look inside them and a nod to transformations
- Properties and performance of the components
Basic properties and elastic behavior
- Intrinsic properties
- Extrinsic properties
- Mechanical stress systems: rigid body, deformable body, mechanical continuum; linear elasticity, Hooke's law, elastic behavior of the isotropic solid
Composition and structure of matter at different dimensional scales - Composition: molecule, chemical bond, Condon-Morse curves; ionic materials, molecular materials - Thermodynamic origin of elasticity - Structures: amorphous and crystalline, Bravais lattices and Miller indexes - Defects in crystalline solids: point, line and surface lattices
Mechanical behavior of materials
- Influence of T and t on mechanical behavior as a function of the nature of the material
- Static tensile stresses at low T: stress-strain curve (elastic field, plastic field, critical points)
- Mechanical properties: ductility, hardness, fragility, resilience and toughness (property measurement techniques)
- Fracture mechanics: Griffith energy theory, stress intensification factor, fracture toughness
- Dynamic solicitations: fatigue, Wohler curve, Paris-Erdogan law
Mono and multi-phase systems
- Systems thermodynamics: Thermodynamics of condensed states, basic concepts, first principle, second principle, equilibrium conditions, non-equilibrium states, I and II together, characteristic state functions
- solid state solubility: cooling curves of one-component systems, aggregation state, Hume-Rothery rules, solid solutions, phase
- dependence of solubility on composition, temperature and pressure: Gibbs rule and leverage, Gibbs energy, Gibbs curves, phase equilibria in binary systems
- phase transformation in the solid state: diffusion mechanisms, activation energy and Fick laws
- solidification kinetics and microstructures: nucleation and growth, main thermodynamic transformations, microstructures
Introduction to the main classes of metallic materials
- Iron-based alloys: classification of steels and cast irons, main phase diagrams, classification of specific heat treatments; special steels, stainless steels and applications.
- Titanium alloys: properties, processes - applications
- Aluminum alloys: properties, processes - applications
Introduction to the main classes of non-metallic materials
- Polymeric matrix polymers and composites: properties, processes, applications
- Ceramics: properties, processes, references to Weibull statistics, applications
Laboratory activities and exercises
slides of the course in pdf format
Programme
Introduction to the world of materials- Historical references, evolution of materials, a look inside them and a nod to transformations
- Properties and performance of the components
Basic properties and elastic behavior
- Intrinsic properties
- Extrinsic properties
- Mechanical stress systems: rigid body, deformable body, mechanical continuum; linear elasticity, Hooke's law, elastic behavior of the isotropic solid
Composition and structure of matter at different dimensional scales - Composition: molecule, chemical bond, Condon-Morse curves; ionic materials, molecular materials - Thermodynamic origin of elasticity - Structures: amorphous and crystalline, Bravais lattices and Miller indexes - Defects in crystalline solids: point, line and surface lattices
Mechanical behavior of materials
- Influence of T and t on mechanical behavior as a function of the nature of the material
- Static tensile stresses at low T: stress-strain curve (elastic field, plastic field, critical points)
- Mechanical properties: ductility, hardness, fragility, resilience and toughness (property measurement techniques)
- Fracture mechanics: Griffith energy theory, stress intensification factor, fracture toughness
- Dynamic solicitations: fatigue, Wohler curve, Paris-Erdogan law
Mono and multi-phase systems
- Systems thermodynamics: Thermodynamics of condensed states, basic concepts, first principle, second principle, equilibrium conditions, non-equilibrium states, I and II together, characteristic state functions
- solid state solubility: cooling curves of one-component systems, aggregation state, Hume-Rothery rules, solid solutions, phase
- dependence of solubility on composition, temperature and pressure: Gibbs rule and leverage, Gibbs energy, Gibbs curves, phase equilibria in binary systems
- phase transformation in the solid state: diffusion mechanisms, activation energy and Fick laws
- solidification kinetics and microstructures: nucleation and growth, main thermodynamic transformations, microstructures
Introduction to the main classes of metallic materials
- Iron-based alloys: classification of steels and cast irons, main phase diagrams, classification of specific heat treatments; special steels, stainless steels and applications.
- Titanium alloys: properties, processes - applications
- Aluminum alloys: properties, processes - applications
Introduction to the main classes of non-metallic materials
- Polymeric matrix polymers and composites: properties, processes, applications
- Ceramics: properties, processes, references to Weibull statistics, applications
Laboratory activities and exercises
Core Documentation
W.D. Callister, Scienza e Ingegneria dei Materialislides of the course in pdf format
Type of delivery of the course
The course will be delivered through specific lectures, exercises and laboratory activities. The slides will be given to the studentsAttendance
Students shall follow the lecturesType of evaluation
During the COVID emergency time, the examination will consist of an extended ORAL examination, to be performed by web-conference and in accordance to article 1 of D.R. n. 703/2020 of our University. Students will have the possibility to take 2 written exams during the course (the first at mid course and one at the end) The full exam is in written modality wth optional oral exam