APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS AND FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYZES FLUID MOTION AND ENERGY PROCESSES IN THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS. AIM OF APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS AND FLUID DYNAMICS IS TO GIVE TO STUDENTS METHODOLOGIES THAT MOVING FROM THE SCIENTIFIC CONTENTS LEAD TO TYPICAL TECHNICAL APPROACHES FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS. SUCH PROBLEMS INVOLVE CHANGES IN PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY INTO WORK AND HEAT,RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HEAT AND WORK.
THE PROPOSED METHODS CAN BE USEFULLY APPLIED TO MACHINES FOR INDUSTRIAL POWER, HEATING AND COOLING (REFRIGERATION) SYSTEMS. SOME RELEVANT EXAMPLES ARE PROPOSED IN THE COURSE.
THE PROPOSED METHODS CAN BE USEFULLY APPLIED TO MACHINES FOR INDUSTRIAL POWER, HEATING AND COOLING (REFRIGERATION) SYSTEMS. SOME RELEVANT EXAMPLES ARE PROPOSED IN THE COURSE.
teacher profile teaching materials
• State functions and process-dependent entities. Equations of state;
• Fundamental laws of thermodynamics: conservation, equivalence, and evolution of a thermodynamic system;
• Energy conservation;
• Irreversible processes;
• Thermodynamic processes and diagrams. Relevant thermodynamic processes (e.g., isentropic, polytropic, isothermal, isobaric, isochoric processes)
• Compression and expansion processes: adiabatic processes, intercooled compression, re-heated expansion)
• Thermodynamic laws applied to the analysis of energy conversion systems: relevant case studies
• Combustion processes
- Combustion: generalities;
- Combustion at constant volume;
- Combustion at constant pressure for open and closed systems.
• Thermodynamic cycles and periodical processes
- Ideal, limit and real cycles;
- Direct and inverse cycles;
- Performance of thermodynamic cycles: power, efficiency, COP and other relevant indexes
- Relevant cycles: Brayton/Joule, Rankine, Hirn, Stirling, Ericsson, Beau de Rochas, Diesel, Sabathé
- Combined cycles
- Periodical processes and related diagrams
• Introduction to applied fluid-dynamics:
- Control volume analysis;
- 1D, 2D, and 3D analyses;
• Conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. The entropy.
• The effect of fluid viscosity and compressibility:
• Definition of Mach Number and equations for gasses in terms of Mach Number;
• Subsonic, transonic and supersonic flows;
• Fanno Flow;
• Rayleigh Flow;
• Varying-area isentropic flows: Hugoniot equations for nozzles and diffusers;
• Converging-diverging nozzles;
• Nozzles, diffusers, and converging-diverging nozzles in real conditions.
• Evaluation of thrust, work, power, and efficiency in simple cases.
• Cavitation in hydraulic machines: generalities, Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH),
• Relevant applications for energy conversion and propulsion systems
• Cavitation: generalities, Net Positive Suction Head available and required
• Relevant cases in hydraulic plants
• C. Caputo, "Le turbomacchine", Casa Editrice Ambrosiana;
• R. D. Zucker, O. Biblarz, “Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics”, Ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2002, ISBN 0-471-05967-6
• Specific documents uploaded on Moodle
Programme
Machines and Heat exchangers: Classifications;• State functions and process-dependent entities. Equations of state;
• Fundamental laws of thermodynamics: conservation, equivalence, and evolution of a thermodynamic system;
• Energy conservation;
• Irreversible processes;
• Thermodynamic processes and diagrams. Relevant thermodynamic processes (e.g., isentropic, polytropic, isothermal, isobaric, isochoric processes)
• Compression and expansion processes: adiabatic processes, intercooled compression, re-heated expansion)
• Thermodynamic laws applied to the analysis of energy conversion systems: relevant case studies
• Combustion processes
- Combustion: generalities;
- Combustion at constant volume;
- Combustion at constant pressure for open and closed systems.
• Thermodynamic cycles and periodical processes
- Ideal, limit and real cycles;
- Direct and inverse cycles;
- Performance of thermodynamic cycles: power, efficiency, COP and other relevant indexes
- Relevant cycles: Brayton/Joule, Rankine, Hirn, Stirling, Ericsson, Beau de Rochas, Diesel, Sabathé
- Combined cycles
- Periodical processes and related diagrams
• Introduction to applied fluid-dynamics:
- Control volume analysis;
- 1D, 2D, and 3D analyses;
• Conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. The entropy.
• The effect of fluid viscosity and compressibility:
• Definition of Mach Number and equations for gasses in terms of Mach Number;
• Subsonic, transonic and supersonic flows;
• Fanno Flow;
• Rayleigh Flow;
• Varying-area isentropic flows: Hugoniot equations for nozzles and diffusers;
• Converging-diverging nozzles;
• Nozzles, diffusers, and converging-diverging nozzles in real conditions.
• Evaluation of thrust, work, power, and efficiency in simple cases.
• Cavitation in hydraulic machines: generalities, Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH),
• Relevant applications for energy conversion and propulsion systems
• Cavitation: generalities, Net Positive Suction Head available and required
• Relevant cases in hydraulic plants
Core Documentation
• C. Caputo, "Gli impianti convertitori d’energia", Casa Editrice Ambrosiana;• C. Caputo, "Le turbomacchine", Casa Editrice Ambrosiana;
• R. D. Zucker, O. Biblarz, “Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics”, Ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2002, ISBN 0-471-05967-6
• Specific documents uploaded on Moodle
Reference Bibliography
• L. Borel, D. Favrat, "Thermodynamics and Energy Systems Analysis", EPFL Press, 2010, ISBN 978-2-940222-45-2Type of delivery of the course
The course consists of lectures and exercises. During the pandemic emergency, virtual classes on Microsoft Teams will be arranged. Books, presentations and other relevant documents will be uploaded on Moodle.Attendance
Attendance is optional. Documents related to the course program are uploaded on Moodle.Type of evaluation
The examination is organized with two tests. The first one is a written test which proposes some practical exercises related to the main topics. If the student passes the written test, he is admitted to the oral examination to verify his/her understanding of the theoretical topics and to discuss the results of the previous written test.