Programme

In a first part, the course will introduce the students to the study of the main concepts and methods used by anthropologists to understand cultural diversity (concept of culture(s), ethnicity, gender, field research).
The second part will outline the main features of the anthropological approach to development projects, including how they intersect with humanitarian intervention. They will critically analyze: the historical relationship between colonialism, development and globalization; the concept of development as a discourse differently interpreted by the different actors constructing it; how and why it is crucial to understand the developmental configurations and agentivities at play, including those of so-called beneficiary subjects; and the humanitarian reason, particularly focusing on gender politics.

Core Documentation

1. Francesco Pompeo, 2018, Elementi di antropologia critica, Meti, Torino ed. 2018 (not earlier editions)

2. Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan, 2010, La politica del campo. Sulla produzione dei dati in antropologia, in F. Cappelletto, Vivere l'etnografia, SEID, (PDF found inside the folder Teams e Moodle).

3. Antonino Colajanni, 2018, La cooperazione internazionale contemporanea di "solidarietà", in opposizione alla "cooperazione di interesse economico e politico" in Antropologia Pubblica, 4 (1), ISSN: 2531-8799 (open access or PDF found inside the folder Teams e Moodle).

4. Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan, 1996, "Introduzione", in Antropologia dello sviluppo, IX-XXXII, Milano, Raffaele Cortina.

5. Didier Fassin, 2018, Introduzione di Ragione umanitaria. Una storia morale del presente, Derive Approdi, Milano (PDF found inside the folder Teams e Moodle)

6. Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan, 2011, Aide humanitaire ou aide au développement? La "famine" de 2005 au Niger, in Ethnologie française »3 - 41, pp. 415 à 429 (open access, versione francese https://www.cairn.info/revue-ethnologie-francaise-2011-3-page-415.htm ; versione inglese https://www.cairn-int.info/journal-ethnologie-francaise-2011-3-page-415.htm#xd_co_f=MjNjNGJiZGQ4MjI1YjIxZmZhYjE2NDI3NTg1NTkxMjU=~)

7. Michela Fusaschi, Giovanna Cavatorta, 2021, Le modificazioni dei genitali femminili nel discorso dei diritti umani delle donne. Morale umanitaria, assoggettamento e vernacolarizzazione , in Scienza&Politica, (open access https://scienzaepolitica.unibo.it/article/view/13708 ).

8. Giovanna Cavatorta, Francesco Pompeo, 2018, Moral economies and internation develoment, in Multisectoral Academic Training Guide on FGC (nei materiali Teams).

Un testo a scelta tra:

- James Ferguson, Sviluppo e potere burocratico nel Lesotho, in Malighetti R., Oltre lo sviluppo, Roma Meltemi (PDF found inside the folder Teams e Moodle).

- Giovanna Cavatorta, 2021, Relativismo, assolutismo e «differenza culturale». Vulnerabilità e produzione di frontiere nella protezione internazionale in Sicilia orientale, L'Uomo (open access, https://rosa.uniroma1.it/rosa03/uomo/article/view/17938).

- Giovanna Cavatorta, 2021, "Writing against sutura. The political stakes of telling sexual violence in Senegal", in Ricerca Folklorica (PDF found inside the folder Teams e Moodle)

- Sally Engle Merry, 2006, "Transnational Human Rights and Local Activism: Mapping the Middle", American Anthropology.

- Fusaschi M., 2010, «Victimes à tout jamais : les enfants et les femmes d’Afrique. Humanitarisme spectacle et rhétoriques de la pitié », in Cahiers d’Études africaines, CC: 1033-1053 (PDF found inside the folder Teams e Moodle).

- Fassin D., 2008, "Humanitarianism as Politics of life", Public culture (PDF found inside the folder Teams e Moodle)

Reference Bibliography

Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan, 1996, Antropologia dello sviluppo, Milano, Raffaele Cortina; Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan, 2011, Aide humanitaire ou aide au développement? La "famine" de 2005 au Niger, in Ethnologie française »3 - 41, pp. 415 à 429; Fassin Didier, 2018, Ragione umanitaria. Una storia morale del presente, Derive Approdi, Milano; Fassin Didier, 2010, Ripoliticizzare il mondo Studi antropologici sulla vita, il corpo e la morale, verona; ombrecorte; Cavatorta G., 2018, Tornare è tuo dovere, Roma, CISU; Malighetti Roberto (a cura di), 2005, Oltre lo sviluppo, Roma, Meltemi; Ticktin, M. 2006. Where Ethics and Politics Meet: The Violence of Humanitarianism in France. American Ethnologist 33, 1: 33–49; Ramsay, G. 2020. Humanitarian Exploits: Ordinary Displacement and the Political Economy of the Global Refugee Regime. Critique of Anthropology 40, 1: 3–27; Rozakou, K. 2012. The Biopolitics of Hospitality in Greece: Humanitarianism and the Management of Refugees. American Ethnologist 39, 3: 562–57; Merry, S. E. 2003. Human Rights Law and the Demonization of Culture (And Anthropology Along the Way). Political and Legal Anthropology Review 26, 1: 55–76. Merry, S. E. 2007. Introduction: Conditions of Vulnerability, in The Practice of Human Rights: Tracking Law Between the Global and the Local, edited by M. Goodale & S.E. Merry, pp. 195–203. Cambdrige: Cambdrige University Press; Malkki, L. 1996. Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization. Cultural Anthropology 11, 3: 377-404; Fusaschi, M. 2020. Quel genre de convictions dans les Conventions ? Esquisses d’autoethnographie des droits humains des femmes en tant qu’économies morales : le cas des Modifications Génitales Féminines. Archivio antropologico mediterraneo 22, 1: 9-23.Abu-Lughod L., 2013 Do Muslim Women Need Saving?, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Adjamagbo A., Calvès A.-E., 2012 « L’émancipation féminine sous contrainte », in Autrepart, II (61): 3-21. DOI : 10.3917/autr.061.0003 Boltanski L., 1993 La souffrance à distance : Morale humanitaire, médias et politique, Seuil, Paris. Bourdieu P., 1980 Le sens pratique, Editions de Minuit, Paris. Butler J., 2016 Rassemblement : pluralité, performativité et politique, Fayard, Paris. Brunelli G., 2007 « Prevenzione e divieto delle mutilazioni genitali femminili: genealogia (e limiti) di una legge », in Quaderni costituzionali, XXVII (3): 567-588. Calvés A-E., 2009 « Empowerment: généalogie d’un concept clé du discours contemporain sur le développement », in Revue Tiers Monde, IV (200): 735-749. DOI : 10.3917/rtm.200.0735 Coene G., Longman C. (sous la direction de), 2005 Féminisme et multiculturalisme. Les paradoxes du débat, Peter Lang, Bern. Delage P., Lieber M. et Chetcuti-Osorovitz N., 2019 «Lutter contre les violences de genre. Des mouvements féministes à leur institutionnalisation », in Cahiers du Genre, LXVI (1) : 5-16. DOI : 10.3917/cdge.066.0005 Delphy C., 1995 « Égalité, équivalence et équité : la position de l’État français au regard du droit international », in Nouvelles Questions Féministes, XVI (1) : 5-58. De Vido S., 2016 Donne, violenza e diritto internazionale. La Convenzione di Istanbul del Consiglio d’Europa del 2011, Mimesis, Milano. Fassin D., 2010 La raison humanitaire : Une histoire morale du temps présent, Seuil, Paris. Fassin D., Lézé S. (sous la direction de), 2013 La question morale. Une anthologie critique, PUF, Paris. Fusaschi M., 2003 I segni sul corpo. Per un’antropologia delle modificazioni dei genitali femminili, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino. Fusaschi M., 2007 «Verso un multiculturalismo all’italiana. Il dibattito sull’infibulazione in Italia», in F. Pompeo (sous la direction de), La società di tutti. Multiculturalismo e politiche dell’identità, Meltemi, Roma: 95-116. Fusaschi M., 2010 «Victimes à tout jamais : les enfants et les femmes d’Afrique. Humanitarisme spectacle et rhétoriques de la pitié », in Cahiers d’Études africaines, CC: 1033-1053. Fusaschi M., 2011 Quando il corpo è delle Altre. Retoriche della pietà e umanitarismo spettacolo, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino. Fusaschi M., 2014a « Modifications génitales féminines en Europe : raison humanitaire et universalismes ethnocentriques », in Synergies Italie, X: 95-107. Fusaschi M., 2014 b « Luoghi della migrazione e corpi della tradizione. Aggravanti e attenuanti culturali in materia di modificazioni dei genitali femminili » in Studi emigrazione, 193: 161-174. Fusaschi M., 2015 « Humanitarian Bodies. Gender and Genitals Modifications in Italian immigration policy », in Cahiers d’études africaines, LV [217] : 11-28. Fusaschi M., 2018a « L’etnografia attraversata dal genere: per uno sguardo storico e pratico- politico sulle soggettività », in Etnografia e ricerca qualitativa, II: 388-340. Fusaschi M., 2018b Corpo non si nasce, si diventa. Antropo-logiche di genere nella globalizzazione, CISU, Roma. Fusaschi M., Cavatorta G. (eds), 2018 FMG/C From medicine to critical anthropology, Torino, Meti. Goodale M., Merry S. E. (eds), 2007 The Practice of Human Rights: Tracking Law Between the Global and the Local, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Gribaldo A., 2014 « The paradoxical victim: Intimate violence narratives on trial in Italy » in American ethnologist, XLI, (4,) pp. 743–756. DOI : 10.1111/amet.12109 Kraus C. et al., 2008 « Édito. Démédicaliser les corps, politiser les identités : convergence des luttes féministes et intersexes », in Nouvelles Questions féministes, XXVII (1) : 4-15. Krivenko E. Y., 2015 « Rethinking human rights and culture through female genital surgeries », in Human Rights Quarterly, XXXVII (1): 107–136. DOI : 10.1353/hrq.2015.0008 Mesnard P., 2002 La victime écran. La représentation humanitaire en question, Textuel, Paris. Merry S. E., 2003 « Human Right Law and the Demonization of culture », in PoLAR, XXVI (1): 55-76. Merry S. E., 2006 Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Mestiri S., 2016 Décoloniser le féminisme : une approche transculturelle, Vrin, Paris. Mohanty C.T., 2013 « Transnational Feminist Crossings: On Neoliberalism and Radical Critique », in Signs : Journal of Women in Culture and Society, XXXVIII (4): 967-991. DOI : 10.1086/669576 Moore H., 1988 Feminist Anthropology, Polity press, Cambridge. Otto D., 2006 « Lost in translation: Re-scripting the sexed subjects of international human rights law », in International law and its others: 318–356. Palomera J., Vetta T., 2016 « Moral economy: Rethinking a radical concept », in Anthropological Theory, XVI (4): 1–21. DOI : 10.1177/1463499616678097 Peroni L., 2016 « Violence Against Migrant Women: The Istanbul Convention Through a Postcolonial Feminist Lens », in Feminist Legal Studies, XXIV:49–67. DOI : 10.1007/s10691-016-9316-x Pitch T., 2004 I diritti fondamentali: differenze culturali, disuguaglianze, differenza sessuale, Giappichelli, Torino. Shell-Duncan B., 2008 «From Health to Human Rights. Female Genital Cutting and the Politics of Intervention», in American Anthropologist, CX (2): 225-236. DOI : 10.1111/j.1548-1433.2008.00028.x Tamale S., 2008 «The right to culture and the culture of rights: a critical perspective on women’s sexual rights», in Africa in Feminist Legal Studies, XVI (1): 47–69.

Type of delivery of the course

Seminar and debate lectures are planned. Projections of ethnographic audio-video materials will be employed and will be discussed in the classroom. Active participation of students will be encouraged and will contribute to the final evaluation.

Type of evaluation

A midterm with multiple-choice and open-ended tests and final colloquium