Earth is a dynamic system in constant evolution. The arrangement of emerged lands, the abundance of some elements, climate, life, profoundly changed over the 4.5 billion years of its history. We will retrace back in time the milestones of the evolution of the Earth, the possible causes of those pivotal changes, their repercussions in our everyday life (with a special insight to the genesis of georesources), and we will discuss possible future scenarios.