The course aims to provide basic knowledge on the morpho-functional organization of animal cells and tissues, with particular attention to mammals. In addition, the students will be provided with the theoretical and practical skills for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of both Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance of characters and of environmental mutagenesis. The course also aims to provide students with basic knowledge relating to the development and anatomy of vertebrates from an evolutionary point of view. The basic information for understanding the differentiation and morphogenesis processes will be provided. The students will acquire basic knowledge on animal cells and tissues, on formal genetics and environmental mutagenesis for understanding chromosomal aberrations and, finally, on the general principles of animal development, from gametogenesis to organ formation. The students will also acquire the theoretical and practical skills necessary for the recognition at the macro- and microscopic level of anatomical and embryonic structures of vertebrates.
teacher profile teaching materials
2) Elements of Genetics: Campbell. Biologia e genetica, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky and Orr. Pearson
3) Developmental Biology: Menegola et al. "Manuale di Biologia dello Sviluppo Animale", EdiSES
4) Comparative anatomy: Stingo "Anatomia Comparata", Edi-Ermes
Programme
The course is divided into 3 modules: (1) Cytology and Histology. Stem cells, differentiation and cell death; plasma membrane and membrane transport; DNA, nucleus, cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis; cellular organelles, proteins, cytoplasmic pathway, secretory pathway, vesicular trafficking; mitochondria and energy; cytoskeleton; cellular junctions; epithelial tissue; nerve tissue; muscle tissue; connective tissue; bone tissue; Blood; immunity. (2) Elements of Genetics. Basic elements of genetics: organization of chromatin, hetero and euchromatin, the gene, the allele. The chromosome: structure and function. Homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids. Cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Defects of cell division and its consequences. Mendel and the concept of gene. Mendel's laws, numerical exercises. Extension of Mendelian genetics (incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, epistasis). The chromosomal basis of inheritance, X-linked characters, crossing over and linkage maps, two-point cross, three-point cross, numerical exercises. Basic concepts of population genetics, numerical exercises. The molecular basis of heredity, semi-conservative DNA replication. Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. (3) Developmental Biology and Comparative Anatomy. (Developmental Biology). From a single cell to a multicellular organism: differentiation and morphogenesis. Sexual reproduction. Gametogenesis. Structural differences between the egg and the sperm. Fertilization: recognition of gametes at a distance and by contact. General information on the various stages of development: segmentation, gastrulation, organogenesis. Protostomes and deuterostomes. Early stages of development of echinoderms, cephalochordates, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Neurulation and the formation of encephalic vesicles. The mesoderm and the fate of the regions into which it is divided. The extraembryonic annexes: amnios, chorion, allantoid and yolk sac. The placenta. (Comparative Anatomy). Origin of vertebrates. The first agnates and the appearance of gnathostomes. Diversity and evolutionary success of aquatic vertebrates read based on their anatomy and reproductive biology. Origin of tetrapods and conquest of the emerged lands. Chondroichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Comparative anatomy of the organic systems of vertebrates: integumentary, respiratory, digestive and circulatory and uro-genital systems.Core Documentation
1) Cytology and Histology: Miscellaneous authors. Biologia - Cellula e Tessuti, Colombo&Olmo eds, edi-ermes.2) Elements of Genetics: Campbell. Biologia e genetica, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky and Orr. Pearson
3) Developmental Biology: Menegola et al. "Manuale di Biologia dello Sviluppo Animale", EdiSES
4) Comparative anatomy: Stingo "Anatomia Comparata", Edi-Ermes
Reference Bibliography
Slides in PDF format will be provided for all lessons and exercises.Type of delivery of the course
The course takes place with lessons in the classroom and with practical exercises in the laboratory and/or in the classroom.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory.Type of evaluation
The exam is WRITTEN. The test consists of a questionnaire organized in 3 weighted modules (30% Cytology + Histology, 30% Genetics, 30% Developmental Biology + Comparative Anatomy) with open-ended and/or multiple choice questions and/or true or false statement and/or association of words and/or text or images with omission of words on all the topics reported in the program. The time for the test is set on the difficulty and the number of questions. The evaluation is expressed in thirtieths. The modules can also be administered independently. teacher profile teaching materials
2) Elements of Genetics: Campbell. Biologia e genetica, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky and Orr. Pearson
3) Developmental Biology: Menegola et al. "Manuale di Biologia dello Sviluppo Animale", EdiSES
4) Comparative anatomy: Stingo "Anatomia Comparata", Edi-Ermes
Programme
plasma membrane and membrane transport; DNA, nucleus, cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis; cellular organelles, proteins, cytoplasmic pathway, secretory pathway, vesicular trafficking; mitochondria and energy; cytoskeleton; cellular junctions; epithelial tissue; nerve tissue; muscle tissue; connective tissue; bone tissue; Blood; immunity. (2) Elements of Genetics. Basic elements of genetics: organization of chromatin, hetero and euchromatin, the gene, the allele. The chromosome: structure and function. Homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids. Cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Defects of cell division and its consequences. Mendel and the concept of gene. Mendel's laws, numerical exercises. Extension of Mendelian genetics (incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, epistasis). The chromosomal basis of inheritance, X-linked characters, crossing over and linkage maps, two-point cross, three-point cross, numerical exercises. Basic concepts of population genetics, numerical exercises. The molecular basis of heredity, semi-conservative DNA replication. Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. (3) Developmental Biology and Comparative Anatomy. (Developmental Biology). From a single cell to a multicellular organism: differentiation and morphogenesis. Sexual reproduction. Gametogenesis. Structural differences between the egg and the sperm. Fertilization: recognition of gametes at a distance and by contact. General information on the various stages of development: segmentation, gastrulation, organogenesis. Protostomes and deuterostomes. Early stages of development of echinoderms, cephalochordates, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Neurulation and the formation of encephalic vesicles. The mesoderm and the fate of the regions into which it is divided. The extraembryonic annexes: amnios, chorion, allantoid and yolk sac. The placenta. (Comparative Anatomy). Origin of vertebrates. The first agnates and the appearance of gnathostomes. Diversity and evolutionary success of aquatic vertebrates read based on their anatomy and reproductive biology. Origin of tetrapods and conquest of the emerged lands. Chondroichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Comparative anatomy of the organic systems of vertebrates: integumentary, respiratory, digestive and circulatory and uro-genital systems.Core Documentation
1) Cytology and Histology: Miscellaneous authors. Biologia - Cellula e Tessuti, Colombo&Olmo eds, edi-ermes.2) Elements of Genetics: Campbell. Biologia e genetica, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky and Orr. Pearson
3) Developmental Biology: Menegola et al. "Manuale di Biologia dello Sviluppo Animale", EdiSES
4) Comparative anatomy: Stingo "Anatomia Comparata", Edi-Ermes
Reference Bibliography
Slides in PDF format will be provided for all lessons and exercises.Type of delivery of the course
The course takes place with lessons in the classroom and with practical exercises in the laboratory and/or in the classroom.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory.Type of evaluation
The exam is WRITTEN. The test consists of a questionnaire organized in 3 weighted modules (1/3 Cytology + Histology, 1/3 Genetics, 1/3 Developmental Biology + Comparative Anatomy) with open-ended and / or multiple choice questions and / or true or false statement and / or association of words and / or text or images with omission of words on all the topics reported in the program. The time for the test is set on the difficulty and the number of questions. The evaluation is expressed in thirtieths. The modules can also be administered independently. In particular conditions, the oral examination may substitute/integrate the written exam. teacher profile teaching materials
2) Elements of Genetics: Campbell. Biologia e genetica, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky and Orr. Pearson
3) Developmental Biology: Menegola et al. "Manuale di Biologia dello Sviluppo Animale", EdiSES
4) Comparative anatomy: Stingo "Anatomia Comparata", Edi-Ermes
Programme
The course is divided into 3 modules: (1) Cytology and Histology. Stem cells, differentiation and cell death; plasma membrane and membrane transport; DNA, nucleus, cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis; cellular organelles, proteins, cytoplasmic pathway, secretory pathway, vesicular trafficking; mitochondria and energy; cytoskeleton; cellular junctions; epithelial tissue; nerve tissue; muscle tissue; connective tissue; bone tissue; Blood; immunity. (2) Elements of Genetics. Basic elements of genetics: organization of chromatin, hetero and euchromatin, the gene, the allele. The chromosome: structure and function. Homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids. Cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Defects of cell division and its consequences. Mendel and the concept of gene. Mendel's laws, numerical exercises. Extension of Mendelian genetics (incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, epistasis). The chromosomal basis of inheritance, X-linked characters, crossing over and linkage maps, two-point cross, three-point cross, numerical exercises. Basic concepts of population genetics, numerical exercises. The molecular basis of heredity, semi-conservative DNA replication. Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. (3) Developmental Biology and Comparative Anatomy. (Developmental Biology). From a single cell to a multicellular organism: differentiation and morphogenesis. Sexual reproduction. Gametogenesis. Structural differences between the egg and the sperm. Fertilization: recognition of gametes at a distance and by contact. General information on the various stages of development: segmentation, gastrulation, organogenesis. Protostomes and deuterostomes. Early stages of development of echinoderms, cephalochordates, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Neurulation and the formation of encephalic vesicles. The mesoderm and the fate of the regions into which it is divided. The extraembryonic annexes: amnios, chorion, allantoid and yolk sac. The placenta. (Comparative Anatomy). Origin of vertebrates. The first agnates and the appearance of gnathostomes. Diversity and evolutionary success of aquatic vertebrates read based on their anatomy and reproductive biology. Origin of tetrapods and conquest of the emerged lands. Chondroichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Comparative anatomy of the organic systems of vertebrates: integumentary, respiratory, digestive and circulatory and uro-genital systems.Core Documentation
1) Cytology and Histology: Miscellaneous authors. Biologia - Cellula e Tessuti, Colombo&Olmo eds, Edi-ermes.2) Elements of Genetics: Campbell. Biologia e genetica, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky and Orr. Pearson
3) Developmental Biology: Menegola et al. "Manuale di Biologia dello Sviluppo Animale", EdiSES
4) Comparative anatomy: Stingo "Anatomia Comparata", Edi-Ermes
Reference Bibliography
Slides in PDF format will be provided for all lessons and exercises.Type of delivery of the course
The course takes place with lessons in the classroom and with practical exercises in the laboratory and/or in the classroom.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory.Type of evaluation
The exam is WRITTEN. The test consists of a questionnaire organized in 3 weighted modules (1/3 Cytology + Histology, 1/3 Genetics, 1/3 Developmental Biology + Comparative Anatomy) with open-ended and / or multiple choice questions and / or true or false statement and / or association of words and / or text or images with omission of words on all the topics reported in the program. The time for the test is set on the difficulty and the number of questions. The evaluation is expressed in thirtieths. The modules can also be administered independently. In particular conditions, the oral examination may substitute/integrate the written exam. teacher profile teaching materials
(1) Cytology and Histology – Prof. Marco Colasanti
Stem cells, differentiation and cell death; plasma membrane and membrane transport; DNA, nucleus, cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis; cellular organelles, proteins, cytoplasmic pathway, secretory pathway, vesicular trafficking; mitochondria and energy; cytoskeleton; cellular junctions; epithelial tissue; nerve tissue; muscle tissue; connective tissue; bone tissue; Blood; immunity.
(2) Elements of Genetics – Prof. Antonella Sgura
Basic elements of genetics: organization of chromatin, hetero and euchromatin, the gene, the allele. The chromosome: structure and function. Homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids. Cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Defects of cell division and its consequences. Mendel and the concept of gene. Mendel's laws, numerical exercises. Extension of Mendelian genetics (incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, epistasis). The chromosomal basis of inheritance, X-linked characters, crossing over and linkage maps, two-point cross, numerical exercises. Basic concepts of population genetics, numerical exercises. Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations.
(3) Developmental Biology and Comparative Anatomy – Prof. Valentina Cianfanelli
Developmental Biology: From a single cell to a multicellular organism: differentiation and morphogenesis. Sexual reproduction. Gametes. Fecundation: recognition of gametes at a distance and by contact. General information on the various stages of development: segmentation, gastrulation, organogenesis. Protostomes and deuterostomes. Comparing the stages of development in echinoderms, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Germ layers. Neurulation. Eco-Devo: environment and developmental biology.
Comparative Anatomy: Origin of vertebrates. The first agnates and the appearance of gnathostomes. Diversity and evolutionary success of aquatic vertebrates read based on their anatomy and reproductive biology. Origin of tetrapods and conquest of the emerged lands. Chondroichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Comparative anatomy of the organic systems of vertebrates: integumentary, respiratory, digestive and circulatory.
2) Elements of Genetics: Campbell. Biologia e genetica, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky and Orr. Pearson
3) Developmental Biology: Menegola et al. "Manuale di Biologia dello Sviluppo Animale", EdiSES
4) Comparative anatomy: Giavini, Menegola, “Manuale di Anatomia Comparata”, EdiSES
Programme
The course is divided into 3 modules:(1) Cytology and Histology – Prof. Marco Colasanti
Stem cells, differentiation and cell death; plasma membrane and membrane transport; DNA, nucleus, cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis; cellular organelles, proteins, cytoplasmic pathway, secretory pathway, vesicular trafficking; mitochondria and energy; cytoskeleton; cellular junctions; epithelial tissue; nerve tissue; muscle tissue; connective tissue; bone tissue; Blood; immunity.
(2) Elements of Genetics – Prof. Antonella Sgura
Basic elements of genetics: organization of chromatin, hetero and euchromatin, the gene, the allele. The chromosome: structure and function. Homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids. Cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Defects of cell division and its consequences. Mendel and the concept of gene. Mendel's laws, numerical exercises. Extension of Mendelian genetics (incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, pleiotropy, epistasis). The chromosomal basis of inheritance, X-linked characters, crossing over and linkage maps, two-point cross, numerical exercises. Basic concepts of population genetics, numerical exercises. Numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations.
(3) Developmental Biology and Comparative Anatomy – Prof. Valentina Cianfanelli
Developmental Biology: From a single cell to a multicellular organism: differentiation and morphogenesis. Sexual reproduction. Gametes. Fecundation: recognition of gametes at a distance and by contact. General information on the various stages of development: segmentation, gastrulation, organogenesis. Protostomes and deuterostomes. Comparing the stages of development in echinoderms, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Germ layers. Neurulation. Eco-Devo: environment and developmental biology.
Comparative Anatomy: Origin of vertebrates. The first agnates and the appearance of gnathostomes. Diversity and evolutionary success of aquatic vertebrates read based on their anatomy and reproductive biology. Origin of tetrapods and conquest of the emerged lands. Chondroichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Comparative anatomy of the organic systems of vertebrates: integumentary, respiratory, digestive and circulatory.
Core Documentation
1) Cytology and Histology: (1) Miscellaneous authors. Biologia - Cellula e Tessuti, Colombo&Olmo eds, edi-ermes; (2) Molecole, Cellule e Organismi - Coordination by: E. Ginelli, M. Malcovati. EdiSES2) Elements of Genetics: Campbell. Biologia e genetica, Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky and Orr. Pearson
3) Developmental Biology: Menegola et al. "Manuale di Biologia dello Sviluppo Animale", EdiSES
4) Comparative anatomy: Giavini, Menegola, “Manuale di Anatomia Comparata”, EdiSES
Reference Bibliography
Slides in PDF format will be provided for all lessons and exercises.Type of delivery of the course
The course consists of lessons in the classroom and with practical exercises in the laboratory and/or in the classroom.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory.Type of evaluation
The exam is WRITTEN. The test consists of a questionaire related to the 3 modules (weighted 33% Cytology + Histology, 33% Genetics, 33% Developmental Biology + Comparative Anatomy) with open-ended and/or multiple choice questions and/or true or false statement and/or association of words and/or text or images with omission of words on all the topics reported in the program. The modules can also be administered independently. The final evaluation will be the average of the 3 modules. The time for the test is set on the difficulty and the number of questions. The evaluation is expressed in thirtieths.