Understand the physical principles underlying the laws of geometrical optics also through laboratory experiments. Knowing how to use the laws of geometrical optics for the study of centered optical systems.
teacher profile teaching materials
Conditions of validity and limits of the approximation of geometric optical optics.
Fermat's principle; concept of optical path; Snell's laws of reflection and refraction; total reflection. Dispersion of light in the prism; prismatic deviation angle; minimum deviation angle; thin prisms; dispersive power and Abbe's number of a medium; prisms with direct vision and achromatic prisms; prismatic power.
The formation of images in the approximation of geometric optics. Centered optical systems and their description as an ordered succession of diopters in refraction and / or reflection. Stigmatic and astigmatic optical systems. Light and power of an optical system.
Spherical mirrors and planes: law of conjugation, transversal enlargement; graphic construction of the image
Centered dioptric systems: Gauss approximation; the spherical diopter, the plane diopter, the thin and thick lenses, thin lens systems. Focal points and focal planes, Principal Points and Principal Planes, Nodal Points; the effective focal length, the focal length of the posterior vertex, the focal length of the anterior vertex; nominal power, equivalent power, Gulstrand formula, power of the posterior and anterior vertex; law of conjugation of Gauss and Newton, transversal magnification, longitudinal magnification; graphical construction of the image. Images of flat cylindrical lenses and prisms.
dispense del corso
Programme
Electromagnetic wave properties: wave propagation speed; plane wave, spherical wave, sinusoidal harmonic waves; frequency and wavelength of harmonic waves; amplitude of the electric and magnetic field in electromagnetic waves; energy carried by an e.m. and wave intensity. Definition of wavefront and optical ray. Classification of electromagnetic waves.Conditions of validity and limits of the approximation of geometric optical optics.
Fermat's principle; concept of optical path; Snell's laws of reflection and refraction; total reflection. Dispersion of light in the prism; prismatic deviation angle; minimum deviation angle; thin prisms; dispersive power and Abbe's number of a medium; prisms with direct vision and achromatic prisms; prismatic power.
The formation of images in the approximation of geometric optics. Centered optical systems and their description as an ordered succession of diopters in refraction and / or reflection. Stigmatic and astigmatic optical systems. Light and power of an optical system.
Spherical mirrors and planes: law of conjugation, transversal enlargement; graphic construction of the image
Centered dioptric systems: Gauss approximation; the spherical diopter, the plane diopter, the thin and thick lenses, thin lens systems. Focal points and focal planes, Principal Points and Principal Planes, Nodal Points; the effective focal length, the focal length of the posterior vertex, the focal length of the anterior vertex; nominal power, equivalent power, Gulstrand formula, power of the posterior and anterior vertex; law of conjugation of Gauss and Newton, transversal magnification, longitudinal magnification; graphical construction of the image. Images of flat cylindrical lenses and prisms.
Core Documentation
J. S. Walker: “Fondamenti di Fisica”dispense del corso
Reference Bibliography
Jurgen R. Meyer Arendt “Introduction to Classical and Modern OPTICS” : Cap. 1 5Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons with the use of the blackboard and the projection of slides. Conducting exercises in the classroom.Attendance
Attendance at lectures and classroom tutorials is strongly recommended but not mandatory. Attendance at laboratory sessions is mandatory for at least 75% of the scheduled activities.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a written test with exercises and an oral test. Typically, in the oral exam, two questions are asked about different topics in the program. In addition, small-group presentations on laboratory activities will be evaluated with a maximum total bonus of up to 2 points out of 30. The evaluation takes into account the capacity of: a) frame the phenomenon in a wider context b) understanding of the physical aspects it contains b) knowing how to apply the theory for the solution of geometric optics and optical systems problems. teacher profile teaching materials
Conditions of validity and limitations of the geometric optics approximation.
Fermat's principle; concept of optical path; Snell's laws of reflection and refraction; total internal reflection. Light dispersion in a prism; prism deviation angle; angle of minimum deviation; thin prisms; dispersive power and Abbe number of a medium; direct-vision prisms and achromatic prisms; prismatic power.
Image formation within the framework of geometric optics. Centered optical systems and their description as an ordered sequence of refracting and/or reflecting diopters (surfaces). Stigmatic and astigmatic optical systems. Vergence of light and power of an optical system.
Spherical and plane mirrors: conjugacy equation, transverse magnification; graphical image construction.
Centered dioptric systems: paraxial or Gaussian approximation; the spherical diopter, the plane diopter, thin and thick lenses, thin lens systems. Focal points and focal planes, principal points and principal planes, nodal points; effective focal length, back vertex focal length, front vertex focal length; nominal power, equivalent power, Gullstrand's formula, back and front vertex power; Gauss's and Newton's conjugacy equations, transverse magnification, longitudinal magnification; graphical image construction. Images formed by plano-cylindrical lenses and prisms.
Programme
Electromagnetic waves and wave properties: wave propagation speed; wave shapes; plane wave, spherical wave, sinusoidal harmonic waves; frequency and wavelength of harmonic waves; electric and magnetic field amplitudes in electromagnetic waves; energy transported by an electromagnetic wave and wave intensity. Definition of wavefront and optical ray. Classification of electromagnetic waves.Conditions of validity and limitations of the geometric optics approximation.
Fermat's principle; concept of optical path; Snell's laws of reflection and refraction; total internal reflection. Light dispersion in a prism; prism deviation angle; angle of minimum deviation; thin prisms; dispersive power and Abbe number of a medium; direct-vision prisms and achromatic prisms; prismatic power.
Image formation within the framework of geometric optics. Centered optical systems and their description as an ordered sequence of refracting and/or reflecting diopters (surfaces). Stigmatic and astigmatic optical systems. Vergence of light and power of an optical system.
Spherical and plane mirrors: conjugacy equation, transverse magnification; graphical image construction.
Centered dioptric systems: paraxial or Gaussian approximation; the spherical diopter, the plane diopter, thin and thick lenses, thin lens systems. Focal points and focal planes, principal points and principal planes, nodal points; effective focal length, back vertex focal length, front vertex focal length; nominal power, equivalent power, Gullstrand's formula, back and front vertex power; Gauss's and Newton's conjugacy equations, transverse magnification, longitudinal magnification; graphical image construction. Images formed by plano-cylindrical lenses and prisms.
Core Documentation
See the webpage prof. De Seta aboveReference Bibliography
See the webpage prof. De Seta aboveAttendance
Strongly recommendedType of evaluation
he exam consists of a written test involving problem-solving exercises and an oral exam. The oral exam typically features two questions on different topics from the syllabus. The evaluation will take into account the student's ability to: a) contextualize the analyzed phenomenon within a broader framework; b) understand the underlying physical aspects; c) apply the theory to solve problems in geometric optics and optical systems.