Introduction of basic knowledge about the materials, geometry and construction technics of contact lenses. Provide knowledge on the geometric, physical and physiological relations between contact lenses and the external eye. Allow acquisition of operative skills in the management of external eye assessment and physical size of contact lenses measuring methods. Provide the basic skills for the correction of refractive errors with contact lenses.
Canali
teacher profile teaching materials
a. Historical development of contact lenses (CLs);
b. Contact lens terminology;
c. Contact lens classification;
d. Standards in the terminology of contact lens parameters.
2) The contact lens environment:
a. The cornea: basic anatomy and physiology;
b. The lacrimal system and its function;
c. Eyelids, conjunctiva, iris, and pupil: basic anatomy and physiology.
3) Contact lens materials:
a. Classification;
b. Nature of polymers;
c. Material properties.
4) Indications and contraindications for contact lens wear:
a. Refractive factors;
b. Psychological factors;
c. Anatomopathological factors;
d. Other individual factors.
5) Preliminary examination:
a. Anamnesis;
b. Slit-lamp observation;
c. Ocular response quantification systems;
d. Keratometric examination;
e. Topographic, pupillogram, and aberrometric examination;
f. Evaluation of tear function.
6) Contact lens optics:
a. The tear meniscus lens;
b. Effects related to the corneal apex-correcting lens distance.
7) Rigid contact lenses:
a. Materials;
b. Construction techniques;
c. Geometry;
d. Application techniques;
e. Corneal topography as an aid in contact lens design;
f. Evaluation of the fit;
g. Methods for measuring and verifying rigid contact lens parameters;
h. Notes on modifying rigid contact lens parameters;
i. Contact lens management by the ametrope: education, training, compliance;
j. Follow-up sessions.
8) Soft contact lenses:
a. Materials and replacement systems;
b. Construction techniques;
c. Soft contact lens geometry;
d. Fitting and inspection procedures for spherical lenses;
e. Contact lens inspection and testing procedures;
f. Contact lens management by the ametrope: education, training, compliance;
g. Follow-up appointments.
9) Contact lens maintenance:
a. Disinfection, storage, and replacement of different types of contact lenses;
b. Maintenance systems for different types of contact lenses;
c. Accessory solutions.
10) Laboratory experience and practice:
a. Anamnesis;
b. Biomicroscopic examination of the external eye;
c. Keratometry;
d. Topographic examination of the cornea;
e. Pupilographic examination;
f. Testing of tear function;
g. Fitting and inspection procedures for different types of contact lenses;
h. Determination of physical parameters of contact lenses.
2 - Gasson A., Morris J.A. “The contact lens manual. A practical guide to fitting.” 4th ed. - Butterworth-Heinemann-Elsevier 2010.
3 - Phillips A. Speedwell L. Contact Lenses" 5th ed. Butterworths-Heinemann 2007.
The exam topics can be explored in more detail using the following references:
- Efron N. Contact Lens Complications. Elservier.
- Douthwaite WA. Contact Lens Optics and Lens Design. 3rd Ed. Butterworths-Heinemann.
- Fatt I, Weissman B. Physiology of the eye. Butterworth-Heinemann 1992.
- Korb et al The Tear Film: structure, function and clinical examination. Butterworth-Heinemann 2002.
Programme
1) Introduction to contact lens wear:a. Historical development of contact lenses (CLs);
b. Contact lens terminology;
c. Contact lens classification;
d. Standards in the terminology of contact lens parameters.
2) The contact lens environment:
a. The cornea: basic anatomy and physiology;
b. The lacrimal system and its function;
c. Eyelids, conjunctiva, iris, and pupil: basic anatomy and physiology.
3) Contact lens materials:
a. Classification;
b. Nature of polymers;
c. Material properties.
4) Indications and contraindications for contact lens wear:
a. Refractive factors;
b. Psychological factors;
c. Anatomopathological factors;
d. Other individual factors.
5) Preliminary examination:
a. Anamnesis;
b. Slit-lamp observation;
c. Ocular response quantification systems;
d. Keratometric examination;
e. Topographic, pupillogram, and aberrometric examination;
f. Evaluation of tear function.
6) Contact lens optics:
a. The tear meniscus lens;
b. Effects related to the corneal apex-correcting lens distance.
7) Rigid contact lenses:
a. Materials;
b. Construction techniques;
c. Geometry;
d. Application techniques;
e. Corneal topography as an aid in contact lens design;
f. Evaluation of the fit;
g. Methods for measuring and verifying rigid contact lens parameters;
h. Notes on modifying rigid contact lens parameters;
i. Contact lens management by the ametrope: education, training, compliance;
j. Follow-up sessions.
8) Soft contact lenses:
a. Materials and replacement systems;
b. Construction techniques;
c. Soft contact lens geometry;
d. Fitting and inspection procedures for spherical lenses;
e. Contact lens inspection and testing procedures;
f. Contact lens management by the ametrope: education, training, compliance;
g. Follow-up appointments.
9) Contact lens maintenance:
a. Disinfection, storage, and replacement of different types of contact lenses;
b. Maintenance systems for different types of contact lenses;
c. Accessory solutions.
10) Laboratory experience and practice:
a. Anamnesis;
b. Biomicroscopic examination of the external eye;
c. Keratometry;
d. Topographic examination of the cornea;
e. Pupilographic examination;
f. Testing of tear function;
g. Fitting and inspection procedures for different types of contact lenses;
h. Determination of physical parameters of contact lenses.
Core Documentation
1 - Efron N. “Contact lens practice” 4° ed. - Butterworth-Heinemann-Elsevier 2023.2 - Gasson A., Morris J.A. “The contact lens manual. A practical guide to fitting.” 4th ed. - Butterworth-Heinemann-Elsevier 2010.
3 - Phillips A. Speedwell L. Contact Lenses" 5th ed. Butterworths-Heinemann 2007.
The exam topics can be explored in more detail using the following references:
- Efron N. Contact Lens Complications. Elservier.
- Douthwaite WA. Contact Lens Optics and Lens Design. 3rd Ed. Butterworths-Heinemann.
- Fatt I, Weissman B. Physiology of the eye. Butterworth-Heinemann 1992.
- Korb et al The Tear Film: structure, function and clinical examination. Butterworth-Heinemann 2002.
Attendance
Attendance is mandatory for at least 80% of the scheduled laboratory hours.Type of evaluation
Candidates will be assessed on the basis of a written test and an oral exam. Candidates must pass the written test with a minimum score of 18/30 to access the oral exam. The written test consists of: - 18 multiple-choice questions; - one exercise (maximum score of 5 points); - one open-ended question (maximum score of 7 points).