Study the relationship between man & nature in the ancient time. Study biodeterioration related to the vegetation in the archaeological areas. Analyse how was the planning of archaeological parks in italy and describe the problems of management. study historical parks, giving examples from the assyro-babylonians, egyptians, greek-romans, meoioeval times to modern and contemporary age. Describe the problems of managements of historical gardens. Give practical field examples, visiting areas such as colosseum and horti farnesiani on the palatine, archaeological areas in the appia antica, and other historical parks in the central italy.