The course aims to provide the basic physical and mathematical helpful knowledge for developing a scientific background preparatory to understanding and deepening the characterizing disciplines of the Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy. At the end of the course, the student will have a solid preparation in the fundamental aspects of mathematics and physics: basic analysis and geometry, physical quantities, units of measurement, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, electromagnetism and hints of optics.
Canali
teacher profile teaching materials
Elements of calculus: intuitive definition of a function, its derivative and its definite integral, applications: velocity and speed, acceleration.
Newton's laws, equilibrium conditions.
Work and kinetic energy. Conservative forces and potential energy. Gravitational and elastic potential energy.
Coulomb forces, electrostatic energy.
Electric field, electrostatic potential.
Magnetic field.
Fluids: their equilibrium and dynamics.
Thermodynamics
SLides provided by the lecturer
Programme
Basic concepts: physical quantities and their measurement. Average and dispersion of measurement results.Elements of calculus: intuitive definition of a function, its derivative and its definite integral, applications: velocity and speed, acceleration.
Newton's laws, equilibrium conditions.
Work and kinetic energy. Conservative forces and potential energy. Gravitational and elastic potential energy.
Coulomb forces, electrostatic energy.
Electric field, electrostatic potential.
Magnetic field.
Fluids: their equilibrium and dynamics.
Thermodynamics
Core Documentation
University Physics with Modern Physics, Global Edition, by Young- Freedman (Pearson)SLides provided by the lecturer
Attendance
Is mandatory to attend the classesType of evaluation
The examination will consist of two written tests– the first covering mechanics and electromagnetism, the second covering thermodynamics – and a final oral examination teacher profile teaching materials
Temperature, Heat, and Thermal Equilibrium
• General introduction to thermodynamics and its main physical quantities.
• Temperature and heat.
• Thermal equilibrium.
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
• Quantity of heat.
• Determination of equilibrium temperature.
• Specific heat capacity and heat capacity.
• Heat transfer between bodies at different temperatures.
Thermal Expansion and Phase Transitions
• Linear, areal, and volumetric thermal expansion.
• Thermal expansion coefficients.
• Applications and examples.
• Phase transitions.
• Melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation.
• Latent heat.
• Energy transfer during phase transitions.
Ideal Gases and Kinetic Theory
• Ideal gas equation of state.
• State variables.
• Internal energy of an ideal gas.
• Microscopic interpretation of temperature and pressure.
• Relationship between particle velocity, average kinetic energy, and gas temperature.
• Connection between the microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of thermodynamic systems.
First Law of Thermodynamics
• Thermodynamic work.
• Heat, work, and internal energy.
• First law of thermodynamics.
• Sign conventions for heat and work.
• Applications of the first law to simple thermodynamic systems.
Thermodynamic Processes
• Quasi-static processes.
• Isobaric processes.
• Isochoric processes.
• Isothermal processes.
• Adiabatic processes.
• Work associated with different thermodynamic processes.
• Representation of processes on pressure-volume diagrams.
• Interpretation of pressure-temperature diagrams.
• Comparison between the main thermodynamic processes.
• Molar heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure.
Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
• Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics.
• Second law of thermodynamics.
• Kelvin–Planck statement.
• Clausius statement.
• Comparison between the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
• Reversible and irreversible processes.
• Introduction to entropy.
• Entropy changes in constant-temperature processes.
• Entropy and the spontaneous direction of physical processes.
• Macrostates, microstates, and multiplicity.
• Statistical interpretation of entropy.
Heat Engines and the Carnot Cycle
• General operating principles of heat engines.
• Hot and cold reservoirs.
• Work produced by a heat engine.
• Efficiency of a heat engine.
• Carnot cycle.
• Efficiency of a Carnot engine.
• Theoretical limits of efficiency.
• Comparison between ideal and real heat engines.
• Efficiency of real heat engines.
Practical examples and exercises of progressively increasing difficulty will be presented for all topics.
University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 1: Mechanics, Waves, and Thermodynamics, Pearson.
Volume 1 is the main reference textbook for the thermodynamics component.
For the other parts of the course, the following volume may also be used:
University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 2: Electromagnetism and Optics, Pearson.
Programme
This second part of the course is devoted to the fundamental principles of thermodynamics. Particular attention will be paid to the relationship between the macroscopic properties of systems, including temperature, pressure, volume, and internal energy, and the microscopic behaviour of their constituent particles. The following topics will be covered:Temperature, Heat, and Thermal Equilibrium
• General introduction to thermodynamics and its main physical quantities.
• Temperature and heat.
• Thermal equilibrium.
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
• Quantity of heat.
• Determination of equilibrium temperature.
• Specific heat capacity and heat capacity.
• Heat transfer between bodies at different temperatures.
Thermal Expansion and Phase Transitions
• Linear, areal, and volumetric thermal expansion.
• Thermal expansion coefficients.
• Applications and examples.
• Phase transitions.
• Melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation.
• Latent heat.
• Energy transfer during phase transitions.
Ideal Gases and Kinetic Theory
• Ideal gas equation of state.
• State variables.
• Internal energy of an ideal gas.
• Microscopic interpretation of temperature and pressure.
• Relationship between particle velocity, average kinetic energy, and gas temperature.
• Connection between the microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of thermodynamic systems.
First Law of Thermodynamics
• Thermodynamic work.
• Heat, work, and internal energy.
• First law of thermodynamics.
• Sign conventions for heat and work.
• Applications of the first law to simple thermodynamic systems.
Thermodynamic Processes
• Quasi-static processes.
• Isobaric processes.
• Isochoric processes.
• Isothermal processes.
• Adiabatic processes.
• Work associated with different thermodynamic processes.
• Representation of processes on pressure-volume diagrams.
• Interpretation of pressure-temperature diagrams.
• Comparison between the main thermodynamic processes.
• Molar heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure.
Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
• Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics.
• Second law of thermodynamics.
• Kelvin–Planck statement.
• Clausius statement.
• Comparison between the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
• Reversible and irreversible processes.
• Introduction to entropy.
• Entropy changes in constant-temperature processes.
• Entropy and the spontaneous direction of physical processes.
• Macrostates, microstates, and multiplicity.
• Statistical interpretation of entropy.
Heat Engines and the Carnot Cycle
• General operating principles of heat engines.
• Hot and cold reservoirs.
• Work produced by a heat engine.
• Efficiency of a heat engine.
• Carnot cycle.
• Efficiency of a Carnot engine.
• Theoretical limits of efficiency.
• Comparison between ideal and real heat engines.
• Efficiency of real heat engines.
Practical examples and exercises of progressively increasing difficulty will be presented for all topics.
Core Documentation
Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman, and A. Lewis FordUniversity Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 1: Mechanics, Waves, and Thermodynamics, Pearson.
Volume 1 is the main reference textbook for the thermodynamics component.
For the other parts of the course, the following volume may also be used:
University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 2: Electromagnetism and Optics, Pearson.
Attendance
Attendance at lectures and problem-solving sessions is compulsory.Type of evaluation
Learning related to the thermodynamics part of the course will be assessed through an in-course test followed by an oral examination. The in-course test will assess students’ understanding of the topics covered and their ability to apply the fundamental principles and equations of thermodynamics to the solution of basic problems. The oral examination will assess: • knowledge of the fundamental concepts and principles of thermodynamics; • understanding of the relationship between the macroscopic and microscopic descriptions of physical systems; • the ability to analyse the main thermodynamic processes; • the ability to establish connections between different course topics; • the ability to formulate and discuss simple problems; • the correct use of scientific terminology and physical quantities. The assessment of the thermodynamics component will contribute to the overall course grade in accordance with the assessment arrangements established for the integrated course. teacher profile teaching materials
Elements of calculus: intuitive definition of a function, its derivative and its definite integral, applications: velocity and speed, acceleration.
Newton's laws, equilibrium conditions.
Work and kinetic energy. Conservative forces and potential energy. Gravitational and elastic potential energy.
Coulomb forces, electrostatic energy.
Electric field, electrostatic potential.
Magnetic field.
Fluids: their equilibrium and dynamics.
Thermodynamics
SLides provided by the lecturer
Programme
Basic concepts: physical quantities and their measurement. Average and dispersion of measurement results.Elements of calculus: intuitive definition of a function, its derivative and its definite integral, applications: velocity and speed, acceleration.
Newton's laws, equilibrium conditions.
Work and kinetic energy. Conservative forces and potential energy. Gravitational and elastic potential energy.
Coulomb forces, electrostatic energy.
Electric field, electrostatic potential.
Magnetic field.
Fluids: their equilibrium and dynamics.
Thermodynamics
Core Documentation
University Physics with Modern Physics, Global Edition, by Young- Freedman (Pearson)SLides provided by the lecturer
Attendance
Is mandatory to attend the classesType of evaluation
The examination will consist of two written tests– the first covering mechanics and electromagnetism, the second covering thermodynamics – and a final oral examination teacher profile teaching materials
Temperature, Heat, and Thermal Equilibrium
• General introduction to thermodynamics and its main physical quantities.
• Temperature and heat.
• Thermal equilibrium.
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
• Quantity of heat.
• Determination of equilibrium temperature.
• Specific heat capacity and heat capacity.
• Heat transfer between bodies at different temperatures.
Thermal Expansion and Phase Transitions
• Linear, areal, and volumetric thermal expansion.
• Thermal expansion coefficients.
• Applications and examples.
• Phase transitions.
• Melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation.
• Latent heat.
• Energy transfer during phase transitions.
Ideal Gases and Kinetic Theory
• Ideal gas equation of state.
• State variables.
• Internal energy of an ideal gas.
• Microscopic interpretation of temperature and pressure.
• Relationship between particle velocity, average kinetic energy, and gas temperature.
• Connection between the microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of thermodynamic systems.
First Law of Thermodynamics
• Thermodynamic work.
• Heat, work, and internal energy.
• First law of thermodynamics.
• Sign conventions for heat and work.
• Applications of the first law to simple thermodynamic systems.
Thermodynamic Processes
• Quasi-static processes.
• Isobaric processes.
• Isochoric processes.
• Isothermal processes.
• Adiabatic processes.
• Work associated with different thermodynamic processes.
• Representation of processes on pressure-volume diagrams.
• Interpretation of pressure-temperature diagrams.
• Comparison between the main thermodynamic processes.
• Molar heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure.
Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
• Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics.
• Second law of thermodynamics.
• Kelvin–Planck statement.
• Clausius statement.
• Comparison between the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
• Reversible and irreversible processes.
• Introduction to entropy.
• Entropy changes in constant-temperature processes.
• Entropy and the spontaneous direction of physical processes.
• Macrostates, microstates, and multiplicity.
• Statistical interpretation of entropy.
Heat Engines and the Carnot Cycle
• General operating principles of heat engines.
• Hot and cold reservoirs.
• Work produced by a heat engine.
• Efficiency of a heat engine.
• Carnot cycle.
• Efficiency of a Carnot engine.
• Theoretical limits of efficiency.
• Comparison between ideal and real heat engines.
• Efficiency of real heat engines.
Practical examples and exercises of progressively increasing difficulty will be presented for all topics.
University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 1: Mechanics, Waves, and Thermodynamics, Pearson.
Volume 1 is the main reference textbook for the thermodynamics component.
For the other parts of the course, the following volume may also be used:
University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 2: Electromagnetism and Optics, Pearson.
Programme
This second part of the course is devoted to the fundamental principles of thermodynamics. Particular attention will be paid to the relationship between the macroscopic properties of systems, including temperature, pressure, volume, and internal energy, and the microscopic behaviour of their constituent particles. The following topics will be covered:Temperature, Heat, and Thermal Equilibrium
• General introduction to thermodynamics and its main physical quantities.
• Temperature and heat.
• Thermal equilibrium.
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
• Quantity of heat.
• Determination of equilibrium temperature.
• Specific heat capacity and heat capacity.
• Heat transfer between bodies at different temperatures.
Thermal Expansion and Phase Transitions
• Linear, areal, and volumetric thermal expansion.
• Thermal expansion coefficients.
• Applications and examples.
• Phase transitions.
• Melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation.
• Latent heat.
• Energy transfer during phase transitions.
Ideal Gases and Kinetic Theory
• Ideal gas equation of state.
• State variables.
• Internal energy of an ideal gas.
• Microscopic interpretation of temperature and pressure.
• Relationship between particle velocity, average kinetic energy, and gas temperature.
• Connection between the microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of thermodynamic systems.
First Law of Thermodynamics
• Thermodynamic work.
• Heat, work, and internal energy.
• First law of thermodynamics.
• Sign conventions for heat and work.
• Applications of the first law to simple thermodynamic systems.
Thermodynamic Processes
• Quasi-static processes.
• Isobaric processes.
• Isochoric processes.
• Isothermal processes.
• Adiabatic processes.
• Work associated with different thermodynamic processes.
• Representation of processes on pressure-volume diagrams.
• Interpretation of pressure-temperature diagrams.
• Comparison between the main thermodynamic processes.
• Molar heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure.
Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy
• Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics.
• Second law of thermodynamics.
• Kelvin–Planck statement.
• Clausius statement.
• Comparison between the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
• Reversible and irreversible processes.
• Introduction to entropy.
• Entropy changes in constant-temperature processes.
• Entropy and the spontaneous direction of physical processes.
• Macrostates, microstates, and multiplicity.
• Statistical interpretation of entropy.
Heat Engines and the Carnot Cycle
• General operating principles of heat engines.
• Hot and cold reservoirs.
• Work produced by a heat engine.
• Efficiency of a heat engine.
• Carnot cycle.
• Efficiency of a Carnot engine.
• Theoretical limits of efficiency.
• Comparison between ideal and real heat engines.
• Efficiency of real heat engines.
Practical examples and exercises of progressively increasing difficulty will be presented for all topics.
Core Documentation
Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman, and A. Lewis FordUniversity Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 1: Mechanics, Waves, and Thermodynamics, Pearson.
Volume 1 is the main reference textbook for the thermodynamics component.
For the other parts of the course, the following volume may also be used:
University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 2: Electromagnetism and Optics, Pearson.
Attendance
Attendance at lectures and problem-solving sessions is compulsory.Type of evaluation
Learning related to the thermodynamics part of the course will be assessed through an in-course test followed by an oral examination. The in-course test will assess students’ understanding of the topics covered and their ability to apply the fundamental principles and equations of thermodynamics to the solution of basic problems. The oral examination will assess: • knowledge of the fundamental concepts and principles of thermodynamics; • understanding of the relationship between the macroscopic and microscopic descriptions of physical systems; • the ability to analyse the main thermodynamic processes; • the ability to establish connections between different course topics; • the ability to formulate and discuss simple problems; • the correct use of scientific terminology and physical quantities. The assessment of the thermodynamics component will contribute to the overall course grade in accordance with the assessment arrangements established for the integrated course.