In line with the educational objectives of the Degree Course in Economics and Business Management, the course promotes knowledge of the fundamental institutions of commercial law, through a logical-scientific and methodological approach to the matter, which allows students to acquire a solid base to deepen more specific areas and related disciplines - including those to be addressed in the master’s degree courses activated in the Department - and indispensable for their cultural and professional training.
It aims to provide the conceptual tools and reading keys useful to allow the understanding of the legal system in its essential components through the analysis of the rules and their concrete application. To this end, both during the course and in the study of the recommended texts, the use of an updated civil code is indispensable.
At the end of the course, the student will have:
- taken knowledge and become acquainted with the basic categories of commercial law and with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation;
- acquired a notional-theoretical apparatus and an appropriate technical language;
- developed a method of understanding the subject.
It aims to provide the conceptual tools and reading keys useful to allow the understanding of the legal system in its essential components through the analysis of the rules and their concrete application. To this end, both during the course and in the study of the recommended texts, the use of an updated civil code is indispensable.
At the end of the course, the student will have:
- taken knowledge and become acquainted with the basic categories of commercial law and with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation;
- acquired a notional-theoretical apparatus and an appropriate technical language;
- developed a method of understanding the subject.
Curriculum
Canali
teacher profile teaching materials
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Programme
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
Core Documentation
V. Buonocore (conceived by), Manuale di diritto commerciale, Torino, Giappichelli, last edition:part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Reference Bibliography
As additional bibliography it’s possible to consider the following handbooks: - G.F. Campobasso, Diritto Commerciale, edited by M. Campobasso, Vol. 1-3, Torino, UTET, last edition. - L. De Angelis (edited by), Diritto commerciale, Vol. 1 e 2, Wolters Kluwers/Cedam, last edition.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons; seminars. The teaching activities include, in addition to lectures lasting 2 hours three times a week (for a total of 60 hours), also seminars held by external speakers (magistrates, lawyers and notaries) and case study discussions, with the aim of illustrating the application of the treated institutions.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory, but it is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a final oral test aimed at verifying the knowledge of the basic categories of commercial law and the familiarity with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation, as well as the mastery of technical language and the capacity for systematic understanding of the institutions and of the logic underlying them. teacher profile teaching materials
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Programme
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
Core Documentation
V. Buonocore (conceived by), Manuale di diritto commerciale, Torino, Giappichelli, last edition:part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Reference Bibliography
As additional bibliography it’s possible to consider the following handbooks: - G.F. Campobasso, Diritto Commerciale, edited by M. Campobasso, Vol. 1-3, Torino, UTET, last edition. - L. De Angelis (edited by), Diritto commerciale, Vol. 1 e 2, Wolters Kluwers/Cedam, last edition.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons; seminars. The teaching activities include, in addition to lectures lasting 2 hours three times a week (for a total of 60 hours), also seminars held by external speakers (magistrates, lawyers and notaries) and case study discussions, with the aim of illustrating the application of the treated institutions.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory, but it is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a final oral test aimed at verifying the knowledge of the basic categories of commercial law and the familiarity with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation, as well as the mastery of technical language and the capacity for systematic understanding of the institutions and of the logic underlying them.Canali
teacher profile teaching materials
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Programme
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
Core Documentation
V. Buonocore (conceived by), Manuale di diritto commerciale, Torino, Giappichelli, last edition:part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Reference Bibliography
As additional bibliography it’s possible to consider the following handbooks: - G.F. Campobasso, Diritto Commerciale, edited by M. Campobasso, Vol. 1-3, Torino, UTET, last edition. - L. De Angelis (edited by), Diritto commerciale, Vol. 1 e 2, Wolters Kluwers/Cedam, last edition.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons; seminars. The teaching activities include, in addition to lectures lasting 2 hours three times a week (for a total of 60 hours), also seminars held by external speakers (magistrates, lawyers and notaries) and case study discussions, with the aim of illustrating the application of the treated institutions.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory, but it is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a final oral test aimed at verifying the knowledge of the basic categories of commercial law and the familiarity with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation, as well as the mastery of technical language and the capacity for systematic understanding of the institutions and of the logic underlying them. teacher profile teaching materials
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Programme
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
Core Documentation
V. Buonocore (conceived by), Manuale di diritto commerciale, Torino, Giappichelli, last edition:part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Reference Bibliography
As additional bibliography it’s possible to consider the following handbooks: - G.F. Campobasso, Diritto Commerciale, edited by M. Campobasso, Vol. 1-3, Torino, UTET, last edition. - L. De Angelis (edited by), Diritto commerciale, Vol. 1 e 2, Wolters Kluwers/Cedam, last edition.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons; seminars. The teaching activities include, in addition to lectures lasting 2 hours three times a week (for a total of 60 hours), also seminars held by external speakers (magistrates, lawyers and notaries) and case study discussions, with the aim of illustrating the application of the treated institutions.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory, but it is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a final oral test aimed at verifying the knowledge of the basic categories of commercial law and the familiarity with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation, as well as the mastery of technical language and the capacity for systematic understanding of the institutions and of the logic underlying them.Canali
teacher profile teaching materials
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Programme
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
Core Documentation
V. Buonocore (conceived by), Manuale di diritto commerciale, Torino, Giappichelli, last edition:part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Reference Bibliography
As additional bibliography it’s possible to consider the following handbooks: - G.F. Campobasso, Diritto Commerciale, edited by M. Campobasso, Vol. 1-3, Torino, UTET, last edition. - L. De Angelis (edited by), Diritto commerciale, Vol. 1 e 2, Wolters Kluwers/Cedam, last edition.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons; seminars. The teaching activities include, in addition to lectures lasting 2 hours three times a week (for a total of 60 hours), also seminars held by external speakers (magistrates, lawyers and notaries) and case study discussions, with the aim of illustrating the application of the treated institutions.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory, but it is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a final oral test aimed at verifying the knowledge of the basic categories of commercial law and the familiarity with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation, as well as the mastery of technical language and the capacity for systematic understanding of the institutions and of the logic underlying them. teacher profile teaching materials
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Programme
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
Core Documentation
V. Buonocore (conceived by), Manuale di diritto commerciale, Torino, Giappichelli, last edition:part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Reference Bibliography
As additional bibliography it’s possible to consider the following handbooks: - G.F. Campobasso, Diritto Commerciale, edited by M. Campobasso, Vol. 1-3, Torino, UTET, last edition. - L. De Angelis (edited by), Diritto commerciale, Vol. 1 e 2, Wolters Kluwers/Cedam, last edition.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons; seminars. The teaching activities include, in addition to lectures lasting 2 hours three times a week (for a total of 60 hours), also seminars held by external speakers (magistrates, lawyers and notaries) and case study discussions, with the aim of illustrating the application of the treated institutions.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory, but it is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a final oral test aimed at verifying the knowledge of the basic categories of commercial law and the familiarity with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation, as well as the mastery of technical language and the capacity for systematic understanding of the institutions and of the logic underlying them.Canali
teacher profile teaching materials
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Programme
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
Core Documentation
V. Buonocore (conceived by), Manuale di diritto commerciale, Torino, Giappichelli, last edition:part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Reference Bibliography
As additional bibliography it’s possible to consider the following handbooks: - G.F. Campobasso, Diritto Commerciale, edited by M. Campobasso, Vol. 1-3, Torino, UTET, last edition. - L. De Angelis (edited by), Diritto commerciale, Vol. 1 e 2, Wolters Kluwers/Cedam, last edition.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons; seminars. The teaching activities include, in addition to lectures lasting 2 hours three times a week (for a total of 60 hours), also seminars held by external speakers (magistrates, lawyers and notaries) and case study discussions, with the aim of illustrating the application of the treated institutions.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory, but it is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a final oral test aimed at verifying the knowledge of the basic categories of commercial law and the familiarity with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation, as well as the mastery of technical language and the capacity for systematic understanding of the institutions and of the logic underlying them. teacher profile teaching materials
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Programme
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
Core Documentation
V. Buonocore (conceived by), Manuale di diritto commerciale, Torino, Giappichelli, last edition:part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Reference Bibliography
As additional bibliography it’s possible to consider the following handbooks: - G.F. Campobasso, Diritto Commerciale, edited by M. Campobasso, Vol. 1-3, Torino, UTET, last edition. - L. De Angelis (edited by), Diritto commerciale, Vol. 1 e 2, Wolters Kluwers/Cedam, last edition.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons; seminars. The teaching activities include, in addition to lectures lasting 2 hours three times a week (for a total of 60 hours), also seminars held by external speakers (magistrates, lawyers and notaries) and case study discussions, with the aim of illustrating the application of the treated institutions.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory, but it is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a final oral test aimed at verifying the knowledge of the basic categories of commercial law and the familiarity with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation, as well as the mastery of technical language and the capacity for systematic understanding of the institutions and of the logic underlying them.Canali
teacher profile teaching materials
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Programme
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
Core Documentation
V. Buonocore (conceived by), Manuale di diritto commerciale, Torino, Giappichelli, last edition:part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Reference Bibliography
As additional bibliography it’s possible to consider the following handbooks: - G.F. Campobasso, Diritto Commerciale, edited by M. Campobasso, Vol. 1-3, Torino, UTET, last edition. - L. De Angelis (edited by), Diritto commerciale, Vol. 1 e 2, Wolters Kluwers/Cedam, last edition.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons; seminars. The teaching activities include, in addition to lectures lasting 2 hours three times a week (for a total of 60 hours), also seminars held by external speakers (magistrates, lawyers and notaries) and case study discussions, with the aim of illustrating the application of the treated institutions.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory, but it is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a final oral test aimed at verifying the knowledge of the basic categories of commercial law and the familiarity with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation, as well as the mastery of technical language and the capacity for systematic understanding of the institutions and of the logic underlying them. teacher profile teaching materials
1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Programme
The course, articulated in a single module, will cover the following topics:1. The entrepreneur (of any kind).
2. The rules set forth for the commercial enterprises.
2. Companies and other business organizations.
4. The joint-stock company and the limited partnership by shares.
5. Transformation, merger and spin-off.
6. The co-operative companies, the consortia and the joint-ventures.
7. Entrepreneur’s auxiliaries; the establishment.
8. Debt securities and promissory notes.
9. Bankruptcy (general principles).
Core Documentation
V. Buonocore (conceived by), Manuale di diritto commerciale, Torino, Giappichelli, last edition:part I (excluding cap. III, VI e VII);
part II;
part V, sez. I e sez. II, parag. 1 e parag. 2;
part VI, sez. I.
It’s recommended studying the subject with an updated Civil Code, comprehensive of connected laws.
Reference Bibliography
As additional bibliography it’s possible to consider the following handbooks: - G.F. Campobasso, Diritto Commerciale, edited by M. Campobasso, Vol. 1-3, Torino, UTET, last edition. - L. De Angelis (edited by), Diritto commerciale, Vol. 1 e 2, Wolters Kluwers/Cedam, last edition.Type of delivery of the course
Frontal lessons; seminars. The teaching activities include, in addition to lectures lasting 2 hours three times a week (for a total of 60 hours), also seminars held by external speakers (magistrates, lawyers and notaries) and case study discussions, with the aim of illustrating the application of the treated institutions.Attendance
Class attendance is not mandatory, but it is recommended.Type of evaluation
The exam consists of a final oral test aimed at verifying the knowledge of the basic categories of commercial law and the familiarity with the fundamentals of the methodology of legal interpretation, as well as the mastery of technical language and the capacity for systematic understanding of the institutions and of the logic underlying them.