International economic relations have undergone a significant evolution over time and the way in which economists have tried to interpret, theorize and "govern" both the institutions and the international markets of production factors and goods has also changed. The course presents, in its historical evolution (with particular attention to the twentieth century to the present day), the interweaving events that have changed the international economic relations and theories that have from time to time tried to analyze and reform them, highlighting the main phases and theoretical paradigms.